<rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0">
    <channel>
        <title>ART - 标签 - 有价值炮灰</title>
        <link>https://evilpan.com/tags/art/</link>
        <description>ART - 标签 - 有价值炮灰</description>
        <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>zh-CN</language><managingEditor>i@pppan.net (evilpan)</managingEditor>
            <webMaster>i@pppan.net (evilpan)</webMaster><copyright>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</copyright><lastBuildDate>Sun, 17 Apr 2022 12:40:00 &#43;0800</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://evilpan.com/tags/art/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /><item>
    <title>Frida Internal - Part 3: Java Bridge 与 ART hook</title>
    <link>https://evilpan.com/2022/04/17/frida-java/</link>
    <pubDate>Sun, 17 Apr 2022 12:40:00 &#43;0800</pubDate><author>
        <name>evilpan</name>
    </author><guid>https://evilpan.com/2022/04/17/frida-java/</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>前面的文章中介绍了 frida 的基础组件 <code>frida-core</code>，用于实现进程注入、通信和管理等功能。加上 frida-gum 和 gum-js 的核心能力，我们已经可以很方便地使用 JavaScript 脚本来进行代码劫持、动态跟踪等进程分析操作。</p>
<p>不过 frida 并不满足于此，而是又实现了针对高级语言的支持，比如 <code>Java</code>、<code>Objective-C</code>、<code>Swift</code> 等。这些额外支持实际上是在 <code>gum-js</code> 的基础上针对对应高级语言的 Runtime 进行 hack 而实现的，统一称为对应语言的 bridge。例如，针对 Java 语言的封装称为 <code>frida-java-bridge</code>，不仅实现了 Oracle JVM 的封装、还支持 Android 中的 Dalvik 虚拟机和 ART 虚拟机。本文就以 ART 为例来看看 frida 中的具体实现。</p>
<p>传送门:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://evilpan.com/2022/04/05/frida-internal/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Frida Internal - Part 1: 架构、Gum 与 V8</a></li>
<li><a href="https://evilpan.com/2022/04/09/frida-core/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Frida Internal - Part 2: frida-core</a></li>
<li><a href="https://evilpan.com/2022/04/17/frida-java/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Frida Internal - Part 3: frida-java-bridge 与 ART hook (本文)</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="java-bridge" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#java-bridge" class="header-mark"></a>Java Bridge</h1><p><a href="https://github.com/frida/frida-java-bridge" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">frida-java-bridge</a> 就是我们在编写 frida js 脚本时使用的 <code>Java.use</code> 等接口实现。Java 接口是 Android Runtime 的封装，实现在 <code>index.js</code> 的 <code>class Runtime</code> 中。比如 <code>Java.perform</code> 就对应了 <code>Runtime.perform</code> 函数。 在 Runtime 的构造函数中分别初始化了 api、vm 和 classFactory 属性等属性:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-38" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">_tryInitialize</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">api</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">getApi</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">vm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">VM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">ClassFactory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">classFactory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ClassFactory</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>下面分别对其进行介绍。</p>
<h2 id="native-api" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#native-api" class="header-mark"></a>Native API</h2><p>API 是从对应 Java 虚拟机的动态库中所抽象出来的一套统一接口，用以实现对运行时、垃圾回收、堆栈管理等底层操作，是实现上层方法劫持和替换的基础设施。</p>
<p>在 <code>lib/api.js</code> 中指定了 API 的类型，如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-39" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">getApi</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">getAndroidVersion</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./android&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">getAndroidVersion</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">getApi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./jvm&#39;</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">getApi</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">module</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">exports</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">getApi</span><span class="p">;</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>通过尝试调用 libc 的 <code>__system_property_get</code> 函数获取属性，如果成功表示当前进程为 Android 环境，即 Java 实现为 Dalvik 或者 ART 虚拟机；如果失败则认为是 Oracle 的 JVM 虚拟机实现。java-bridge 的实现是基于 inline-hook (gum-js) 对目标 Java 虚拟机中的符号进行解析、调用、替换从而实现 Java Hook 的功能，其支持的三种虚拟机及其对应动态库分别是:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dalvik: libdvm.so</li>
<li>ART: libart.so</li>
<li>JVM: jvm.(dll|dylib|so)</li>
</ul>
<p>由于三种实现大同小异，因此我们只需要关注其中一种。因为笔者对于 Android 较为感兴趣，故而重点关注 ART 下的实现。在 <code>lib/android.js</code> 中 <code>_getApi</code> 同时处理了 Dalvik 和 ART 虚拟机的情况，区分这二者的方法是判断当前进程中加载的模块是 libdvm.so 还是 libart.so。</p>
<h3 id="查找符号" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%9f%a5%e6%89%be%e7%ac%a6%e5%8f%b7" class="header-mark"></a>查找符号</h3><p>在两种情况下都需要先获取对应动态库中的一些符号地址，对于 ART 而言，主要需要下面函数:</p>
<ul>
<li>JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs</li>
<li>art::JavaVMExt::AddGlobalRef</li>
<li>art::IndirectReferenceTable::Add</li>
<li>art::JavaVMExt::DecodeGlobal</li>
<li>art::ThreadList::SuspendAll</li>
<li>art::ThreadList::ResumeAll</li>
<li>art::ClassLinker::VisitClasses</li>
<li>art::ClassLinker::VisitClassLoaders</li>
<li>art::gc::Heap::VisitObjects</li>
<li>art::gc::Heap::GetInstances</li>
<li>art::StackVisitor::StackVisitor</li>
<li>art::StackVisitor::WalkStack</li>
<li>art::StackVisitor::GetMethod</li>
<li>art::StackVisitor::DescribeLocation</li>
<li>art::StackVisitor::GetCurrentQuickFrameInfo</li>
<li>art::Thread::GetLongJumpContext</li>
<li>art::mirror::Class::GetDescriptor</li>
<li>art::ArtMethod::PrettyMethod</li>
<li>art::ArtMethod::PrettyMethodNullSafe</li>
<li>art::Thread::CurrentFromGdb</li>
<li>art::mirror::Object::Clone</li>
<li>art::Dbg::SetJdwpAllowed</li>
<li>art::Dbg::ConfigureJdwp</li>
<li>art::InternalDebuggerControlCallback::StartDebugger</li>
<li>art::Dbg::StartJdwp</li>
<li>art::Dbg::GoActive</li>
<li>art::Dbg::RequestDeoptimization</li>
<li>art::Dbg::ManageDeoptimization</li>
<li>art::Instrumentation::EnableDeoptimization</li>
<li>art::Instrumentation::DeoptimizeEverything</li>
<li>art::Runtime::DeoptimizeBootImage</li>
<li>art::Instrumentation::Deoptimize</li>
<li>art::jni::JniIdManager::DecodeMethodId</li>
<li>art::interpreter::GetNterpEntryPoint</li>
<li>art::Monitor::TranslateLocation</li>
</ul>
<p>以及两个用于判断调试器状态的变量:</p>
<ul>
<li>art::Dbg::gRegistry - 判断 JDWP 是否启动</li>
<li>art::Dbg::gDebuggerActive - 判断是否正在调试</li>
</ul>
<p>值得一提的是，这两个变量也可以用在安全 SDK 中作为一种隐秘的反调试手法。</p>
<p>上面的函数通过在模块中的符号中查找到对应地址后 (如 <code>Module.enumerateExports(&quot;libart.so&quot;)</code>)，便将其转换为 <code>NativeFunction</code> 类然后保存到 temporaryApi 字典中留作备用。</p>
<h3 id="查找偏移" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%9f%a5%e6%89%be%e5%81%8f%e7%a7%bb" class="header-mark"></a>查找偏移</h3><p>在找到上述的函数和变量地址后，就可以通过这些 Native 函数获取需要的信息，首先第一步是获取当前进程中所有创建的 Java 虚拟机。这里使用的是 <strong>JavaScript</strong> 代码去调用，乍看起来有点别扭，但这是做 Native 调用的常规操作:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-40" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">vms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">Memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pointerSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">vmCount</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">Memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">jsizeSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">temporaryApi</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vmCount</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vmCount</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">readInt</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">temporaryApi</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">vm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">vms</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">readPointer</span><span class="p">();</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>该函数原型为:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-41" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">jint</span> <span class="nf">JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">vmBuf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jsize</span> <span class="n">bufLen</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jsize</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nVMs</span><span class="p">);</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>虽然参数说可以返回多个 VM，但在单个进程中是不支持创建多个 Java 虚拟机的，因此这里也只用获取一个 VM 即可。获取到的 Java 虚拟机，(即 <code>JavaVM *</code> 地址) 保存在 temporaryApi.vm 变量中，这是我们一系列后续操作的基础。</p>
<p>通过获得的 JavaVM 指针，我们可以获取一系列重要数据结构的地址，比如:</p>
<ul>
<li>art::Runtime</li>
<li>art::Instrumentation</li>
<li>art::Heap</li>
<li>art::ThreadList</li>
<li>art::ClassLinker</li>
<li>各个 trampoline 的地址</li>
<li>&hellip;</li>
</ul>
<p>其中的一些是通过结构体的固定偏移来获得，比如 art::Runtime 就在 JavaVM 结构的第二个位置:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-42" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">_JavaVM</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">JNIInvokeInterface</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">JavaVMExt</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// 一些函数 ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">runtime_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>用 gdb 也可以进行验证:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">gdb</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-43" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><pre tabindex="0"><code class="language-gdb" data-lang="gdb">(gdb) ptype /o JavaVM
type = struct _JavaVM {
/*    0      |     8 */    const struct JNIInvokeInterface *functions;

                           /* total size (bytes):    8 */
                         }

(gdb) ptype /o art::JavaVMExt
/* offset    |  size */  type = class art::JavaVMExt : public JavaVM {
                         private:
/*    8      |     8 */    class art::Runtime * const runtime_;
...</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<p>但是对于一些复杂的数据结构就没有那么简单了，比如在 <code>art::Runtime</code> 结构体中查找 heap、threadList、classLinker 等属性的时候，就需要先搜索到特定的属性位置，然后通过不同版本的相对偏移去定位其他属性:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-44" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Runtime</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Heap</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heap_</span><span class="p">;</span>                <span class="c1">// &lt;-- we need to find this
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArenaPool</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">jit_arena_pool_</span><span class="p">;</span>    <span class="c1">//  &lt;----- API level &gt;= 24
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArenaPool</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">arena_pool_</span><span class="p">;</span>        <span class="c1">//      __
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArenaPool</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">low_4gb_arena_pool_</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c1">//  &lt;--|__ API level &gt;= 23
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">LinearAlloc</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">linear_alloc_</span><span class="p">;</span>    <span class="c1">//      \_
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">MonitorList</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">monitor_list_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">MonitorPool</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">monitor_pool_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ThreadList</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">thread_list_</span><span class="p">;</span>        <span class="c1">// &lt;--- and these
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">InternTable</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">intern_table_</span><span class="p">;</span>      <span class="c1">// &lt;--/
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">class_linker_</span><span class="p">;</span>      <span class="c1">// &lt;-/
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">SignalCatcher</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">signal_catcher_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">jni</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">JniIdManager</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">jni_id_manager_</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// &lt;- API level &gt;= 30 or Android R Developer Preview
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">use_tombstoned_traces_</span><span class="p">;</span>     <span class="c1">// &lt;-------------------- API level 27/28
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">stack_trace_file_</span><span class="p">;</span>   <span class="c1">// &lt;-------------------- API level &lt;= 28
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">JavaVMExt</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">java_vm_</span><span class="p">;</span>             <span class="c1">// &lt;-- so we find this then calculate our way backwards
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>由于 JavaVM 的地址我们已知, 故而可以在 Runtime 的起始地址处开始一直往前搜索，发现匹配后就可以确定 <code>java_vm_</code> 属性的位置，进而可以根据相对偏移往前找到 <strong>InternTable</strong>、<strong>ClassLinker</strong>、<strong>ThreadList</strong>、<strong>gc::Heap</strong> 等属性地址。之所以这样查找是因为 art::Runtime 这个数据结构相当复杂，总大小有 2000 字节以上，搜索 <code>java_vm_</code> 的时候也做了一些优化，从第 50 个指针大小位置处开始搜索，以加快搜索速度。</p>
<p>上面这些偏移都还算好找，但是在寻找 <strong>Instrumentation</strong> 偏移的时候就需要一些额外的技巧，当前 frida 使用的方法是先找到 <strong>libart.so</strong> 的 <code>MterpHandleException</code> 函数地址，由于该函数中会使用到 <code>Runtime-&gt;instrumentation</code> 的数据，因此逐条解析汇编指令即可定位到对应偏移。</p>
<p>该函数定义在 mterp.cc 中，代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-45" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">extern</span> <span class="s">&#34;C&#34;</span> <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">MterpHandleException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ShadowFrame</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">REQUIRES_SHARED</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Locks</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">mutator_lock_</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">DCHECK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsExceptionPending</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">instrumentation</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Instrumentation</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">instrumentation</span> <span class="o">=</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetInstrumentation</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">MoveToExceptionHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">instrumentation</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>虽然道理很简单，但实际操作时候需要区分不同架构的指令解析方法，frida 中支持以下几种架构:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-46" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">instrumentationOffsetParsers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">ia32</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">parsex86InstrumentationOffset</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">x64</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">parsex86InstrumentationOffset</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">arm</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">parseArmInstrumentationOffset</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">arm64</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">parseArm64InstrumentationOffset</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>以 <strong>arm64</strong> 为例，观察该函数，可以通过寻找 <code>add</code> 指令来定位偏移，因为 <code>GetInstrumentation</code> 等函数实际上都被 inline 优化成了直接指令，如下所示，实际偏移即为 <code>0x2b8</code>:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">text</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-47" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><pre tabindex="0"><code>(gdb) disassemble MterpHandleException
Dump of assembler code for function MterpHandleException(art::Thread*, art::ShadowFrame*):
   0x00000000007551ac &lt;+0&gt;:     stp     x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
   0x00000000007551b0 &lt;+4&gt;:     mov     x29, sp
   0x00000000007551b4 &lt;+8&gt;:     adrp    x8, 0xa17000 &lt;_ZN3art2gc9allocator8RosAlloc27dedicated_full_run_storage_E+3464&gt;
   0x00000000007551b8 &lt;+12&gt;:    ldr     x8, [x8, #3280]
   0x00000000007551bc &lt;+16&gt;:    add     x2, x8, #0x2b8 // &lt;-- 这里即为所求偏移！
   0x00000000007551c0 &lt;+20&gt;:    bl      0x3e1170 &lt;art::interpreter::MoveToExceptionHandler(art::Thread*, art::ShadowFrame&amp;, art::instrumentation::Instrumentation const*)&gt;
   0x00000000007551c4 &lt;+24&gt;:    and     x0, x0, #0x1
   0x00000000007551c8 &lt;+28&gt;:    ldp     x29, x30, [sp], #16
   0x00000000007551cc &lt;+32&gt;:    ret
End of assembler dump.</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<p>frida 的代码实现为:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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          tw-hidden 
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
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        title="Copy code">
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    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-48" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">parseArm64InstrumentationOffset</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">insn</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">insn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">mnemonic</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;add&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">ops</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">insn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">operands</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">op2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">op2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">type</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;imm&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">op2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>其中 <code>insn</code> 是 <code>Instruction</code> 类型，是 frida 中用以解析汇编指令的关键类，这里不再赘述。另外一个属性 <code>jni_ids_indirection_</code> 的查找也是类似套路，有点类似漏洞利用过程中寻找 gadget 的过程。</p>
<h3 id="trampoline" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#trampoline" class="header-mark"></a>Trampoline</h3><p>根据上面获取到的各个重要字段在 <strong>art::Runtime</strong> 中的偏移后，就可以计算出这些属性在目标内存中的实际地址了。另外一个重要的数据结构是 <strong>art::ClassLinker</strong>，其中包含了 ART hook 所需要的几个重要的共享跳板代码地址，即 trampoline，如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
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          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
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          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
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        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
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    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-49" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ClassLinker</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">...</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">InternTable</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">intern_table_</span><span class="p">;</span>                        <span class="c1">// &lt;-- We find this then calculate our way forwards
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">quick_resolution_trampoline_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">quick_imt_conflict_trampoline_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">quick_generic_jni_trampoline_</span><span class="p">;</span>         <span class="c1">// &lt;-- ...to this
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">quick_to_interpreter_bridge_trampoline_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">...</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>intern_table_</code> 的地址我们已经在 art::Runtime 中获得了，因此可以用前面类似的搜索方法依次找出这几个 trampoline 的地址。需要注意的是在 Android 5.x 和 6.x 之后 ClassLinker 的数据结构有所不同，frida 针对这两种情况都分别进行了处理。</p>
<p>quick trampoline 一般是指被编译成 native 代码后的字节码在运行过程中所使用到的跳转地址表，比如 <code>quick_resolution_trampoline_</code> 所指向的 stub 作用就是给(native 代码)第一次调用某个方法时候解析指定方法，同理 <code>generic_jni_trampoline</code> 就是用来跳转到 JNI 方法(代码) 的 stub，<code>quick_to_interpreter_bridge_trampoline_</code> 则是用来从 native 代码跳转到解释器执行的 stub。</p>
<h3 id="其他" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%85%b6%e4%bb%96" class="header-mark"></a>其他</h3><p>在获取完各个地址后，<code>android.js</code> 中初始化了一个全局的变量 artController，其中主要包含一个 CModule，用以保存、搜索、当前进程的 hook 方法信息，方法的值是 ArtMethod 指针，数据保存在全局的线程安全哈希表中。 C 代码的部分关键实现如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-50" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">init</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">g_mutex_init</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">lock</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">methods</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">g_hash_table_new_full</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">replacements</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">g_hash_table_new_full</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">set_replacement_method</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gpointer</span> <span class="n">original_method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gpointer</span> <span class="n">replacement_method</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">g_mutex_lock</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">lock</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">g_hash_table_insert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">methods</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">original_method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">replacement_method</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">g_hash_table_insert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">replacements</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">replacement_method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">original_method</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">g_mutex_unlock</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">lock</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>同时在 CModule 中还定义若干个 native 方法用以实现一些高频调用的函数 hook，比如:</p>
<ul>
<li>on_interpreter_do_call</li>
<li>on_art_method_get_oat_quick_method_header</li>
<li>on_art_method_pretty_method</li>
<li>on_leave_gc_concurrent_copying_copying_phase</li>
</ul>
<p>最后获取了 C++ 的 new 和 delete 函数地址，以及根据运行时确定 <code>MethodMangler</code> 所属类，完成整个 API 的初始化。MethodMangler 类是对一个指定 Java 方法的封装，实现了调用、劫持、还原等操作，在后文还会继续进行介绍。</p>
<h2 id="vm" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#vm" class="header-mark"></a>VM</h2><p>VM 顾名思义，是对 Java 虚拟机的封装，更准确地说是实现了对 <code>JavaVM *</code> 的封装，包括下面的接口:</p>
<ul>
<li>attachCurrentThread</li>
<li>detachCurrentThread</li>
<li>getEnv</li>
<li>&hellip;</li>
</ul>
<p>值得一提的是初始化的地方:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-51" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">initialize</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">vtable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">handle</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">readPointer</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">exceptions</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;propagate&#39;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">attachCurrentThread</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">NativeFunction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vtable</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">pointerSize</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">readPointer</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;int32&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pointer&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pointer&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pointer&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nx">options</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">detachCurrentThread</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">NativeFunction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vtable</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">pointerSize</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">readPointer</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;int32&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pointer&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nx">options</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">getEnv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">NativeFunction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vtable</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">pointerSize</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">readPointer</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;int32&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pointer&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pointer&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;int32&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nx">options</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>handle</code> 是构造函数传入的 <code>api.vm</code>，即前文说到的 <code>JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs</code> 调用的结果，其指针类型是 <code>JavaVM *</code>，内存布局如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
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        class="
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

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        class="
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        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-52" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#ifdef __cplusplus
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="n">JavaVM_</span> <span class="n">JavaVM</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#else
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">JNIInvokeInterface_</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">JavaVM_</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">JNIInvokeInterface_</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#ifdef __cplusplus
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="nf">DestroyJavaVM</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">DestroyJavaVM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="nf">AttachCurrentThread</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">AttachCurrentThread</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="nf">DetachCurrentThread</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">DetachCurrentThread</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="nf">GetEnv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetEnv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="nf">AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="p">};</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>这是兼容 C 和 C++ 的写法，由于 ART 虚拟机是用 C++ 写的，因此要想找到这几个函数的地址，首先需要获得 <code>JNIInvokeInterface_</code> 的地址，其正好是 <code>JavaVM</code> 的第一个元素。然后再根据下面的偏移即可获取到 <code>AttachCurrentThread</code> 等函数的实际地址。</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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      class="
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-53" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">JNIInvokeInterface_</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">reserved0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">reserved1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">reserved2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNICALL</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">DestroyJavaVM</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNICALL</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">AttachCurrentThread</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">vm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNICALL</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">DetachCurrentThread</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNICALL</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">GetEnv</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">vm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNICALL</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">JavaVM</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">vm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">penv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<h2 id="classfactory" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#classfactory" class="header-mark"></a>ClassFactory</h2><p>在 Runtime 中最后一个初始化的属性是 <code>ClassFactory</code>，虽然它其貌不扬，但却是很多核心操作的实施者，比如通过类名获取目标类的接口 <code>Java.use</code>，又或者是获取某个类在内存中实例的接口 <code>Java.choose</code>，等等。</p>
<p>在平时对一些 APP 进行测试的时候，我们会发现 frida 对于一些加壳的 APP 也同样能够进行注入和劫持，即便是类似 libjiagu 这种动态修改 ClassLoader 的壳，那么 frida 是如何查找类的呢？或者说，是如何找到被加固的类所属的 ClassLoader 的呢？还有 <code>Java.choose</code> 为什么可以找到类的示例，原理是什么？……</p>
<h3 id="类查找" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e7%b1%bb%e6%9f%a5%e6%89%be" class="header-mark"></a>类查找</h3><p>了解 frida 的人可能都知道，我们一般使用 <code>Java.use</code> 来获取目标类的 Wrapper，其实现为:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-54" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">use</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{})</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">allowCached</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">options</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">cache</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;skip&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">allowCached</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_getUsedClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">C</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getEnv</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">_loader</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">loader</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">getClassHandle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">loader</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">?</span> <span class="nx">makeLoaderClassHandleGetter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">makeBasicClassHandleGetter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nx">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">getClassHandle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">finally</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">allowCached</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_setUsedClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">C</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">C</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>可能很多人都不知道 use 还可以携带第二个 options 参数，可用于指定是否缓存查找的结果。除去缓存的逻辑，如果没有特殊指定 loader，那么将会使用 <code>makeBasicClassHandleGetter</code> 来获取对应类的查找方法:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-55" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">makeBasicClassHandleGetter</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">canonicalClassName</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/\./g</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">tid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">getCurrentThreadId</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">ignore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">tid</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">findClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">canonicalClassName</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">finally</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nx">unignore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">tid</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>这里需要注意的是使用了 <code>env.findClass</code> 来获取类 handle，从名称看也能猜出这是 <code>env-&gt;FindClass</code> 方法，所以 handle 本身是一个 <code>jclass</code> 封装后的对象。<code>_make</code> 方法简化如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-56" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">_make</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">getClassHandle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">makeClassWrapperConstructor</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">proto</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">Object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Wrapper</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prototype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">C</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prototype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">proto</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">classWrapper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">C</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">proto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">$w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">classWrapper</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">classWrapper</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">$borrowClassHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">classHandle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">ensureClassInitialized</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">classHandle</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">proto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">$l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ClassModel</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">classHandle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">classWrapper</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>上面省略了一些初始化和异常处理的代码，重要的是最后两个语句，ensureClassInitialized 确保对应类被 Java 虚拟机成功加载:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-57" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">ensureClassInitialized</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">classRef</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">api</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">getApi</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">flavor</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;art&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getFieldId</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">classRef</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Z&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">exceptionClear</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>实现上就是通过 JNI 函数 <code>GetFieldID</code> 来试着取一下目标类的属性，即便该属性不存在，也会触发该类的初始化，当然还需要清理一下 <code>NoSuchFieldException</code> 异常。</p>
<h3 id="类模型" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e7%b1%bb%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b" class="header-mark"></a>类模型</h3><p><code>env-&gt;FindClass</code> 仅能找到一个 jclass，frida 在此基础上封装了一个类模型，使用 <code>ClassModel.build</code> 进行创建，其定义在 <code>lib/class-model.js</code> 中。在 Model 里定义了一个 CModule，与 Native 交互比较多或者调用频繁的代码直接使用 C 语言实现(这里主要原因是前者)，包含的函数有:</p>
<ul>
<li>model_new/has/find/list - 用于创建、查找、列举自定义的 <code>Model *</code> 信息；</li>
<li>enumerate_methods_art/jvm - 用于获取指定类的所有方法；</li>
<li>dalloc - 使用 <code>g_free</code> 释放堆内存；</li>
</ul>
<p>看过 ART 源码的同学应该比较熟悉，<code>jclass</code> 本质上是对应 <code>art::mirror::Class</code> 在内存中的地址，在 AOSP 中一般通过下述方式进行转换和使用:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-58" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">SomeFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNIEnv</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jclass</span> <span class="n">javaClass</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ScopedObjectAccess</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Decode</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">javaClass</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>有了 <code>mirror::Class</code> 之后，就可以通过以下的字段去进一步获取类相关信息:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-59" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// C++ mirror of java.lang.Class
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MANAGED</span> <span class="n">Class</span> <span class="k">final</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="n">Object</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="kt">uint64_t</span> <span class="n">ifields_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">uint64_t</span> <span class="n">methods_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">uint64_t</span> <span class="n">sfields_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">uint32_t</span> <span class="n">access_flags_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="kt">uint16_t</span> <span class="n">copied_methods_offset_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>frida 中根据不同版本的 ART 写死了 <code>ifields_</code> 的偏移，并以此往后计算其他字段，但是 <code>copied_methods_offset_</code> 除外，因为其位置并不固定在上述字段具体位置，因此也需要通过不同的 ART 版本进行确定。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>ifields_</strong> 表示该类的实例属性(instance fields)，不包含父类所定义的属性。该值为一个指针，指向一个带有长度前缀的 <code>ArtFields</code> 数组；</li>
<li><strong>methods_</strong> 指针同样是带长度前缀的数组，元素类型为 <code>ArtMethod</code>，其中包括所有该类定义的方法。
<ul>
<li><code>virtual_methods_offset_</code> 之前的是直接方法；</li>
<li><code>[virtual_methods_offset_, copied_methods_offset_)</code> 之间的是抽象方法；</li>
<li><code>copied_methods_offset_</code> 之后的是从接口复制过来的默认方法；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>sfields_</strong> 和 ifields 类似，区别是表示静态属性；</li>
</ul>
<p>frida 中对类模型的封装是如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-60" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">class</span> <span class="nx">Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">static</span> <span class="nx">build</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">ensureInitialized</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">object</span> <span class="p">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">cm</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">object</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>cm.new</code> 对应 CModule 的 C 函数:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-61" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">Model</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">model_new</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jclass</span> <span class="n">class_handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gpointer</span> <span class="n">class_object</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">JNIEnv</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">g_new</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">members</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">g_hash_table_new_full</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g_str_hash</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">g_str_equal</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">g_free</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">g_free</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">members</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">members</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">elements</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">read_art_array</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_object</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">art_api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">class_offset_methods</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gsize</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">guint16</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_object</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">art_api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">class_offset_copied_methods_offset</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// 读取方法
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jmethodID</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">guint32</span> <span class="n">access_flags</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jboolean</span> <span class="n">is_static</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">name_str</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jint</span> <span class="n">modifiers</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">elements</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">art_api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">method_size</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">access_flags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">guint32</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">art_api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">method_offset_access_flags</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">access_flags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">kAccConstructor</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">is_static</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">access_flags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">kAccStatic</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">to_reflected_method</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">is_static</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">call_object_method</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">java_api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">name_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">get_string_utf_chars</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">modifiers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">access_flags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="mh">0xffff</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">model_add_method</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name_str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">modifiers</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// 读取属性
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field_array_cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">field_array_cursor</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nf">G_N_ELEMENTS</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field_arrays</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">field_array_cursor</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nf">model_add_field</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name_str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">modifiers</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>可见，对应 Class 的方法和属性都会保存在 Model 中的哈希表中，在我们使用对应 ClassWrapper 访问属性时候就可以通过接口进行快速地查找。注意这里哈希表的 key 是方法名称，value 是方法类型、<code>jmethodId</code> 以及重载信息，后续需要调用或者 hook 对应方法的时候才进行实际的方法模型构建操作。</p>
<h1 id="art-hook" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#art-hook" class="header-mark"></a>ART Hook</h1><p>前面介绍完了 <code>Java.use</code> 的具体实现，即类的查找和封装操作，下一步自然是针对方法的实现分析。前面分析 API 初始化的末尾处我们看到指定了 MethodMangler 为 <code>ArtMethodMangler</code> 作为方法的封装，本节介绍其具体实现。</p>
<h2 id="methodmangler" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#methodmangler" class="header-mark"></a>MethodMangler</h2><p>MethodMangler 同样是 API 定义的一个工具类，主要功能是用于实现 Java 方法封装和 Hook 操作。</p>
<p>在 Android 中分为 ART 和 Dalvik 两种实现，二者都提供了相同的接口:</p>
<ul>
<li>constructor (methodId)</li>
<li>replace (impl, isInstanceMethod, argTypes, vm, api)</li>
<li>revert (vm)</li>
<li>resolveTarget (wrapper, isInstanceMethod, env, api)</li>
</ul>
<p>每次 hook 指定方法的时候都会使用对应方法的 methodId 构造一个 MethodMangler，然后使用 replace 函数来替换目标方法实现；revert 则用来恢复原来的方法。</p>
<p>回忆使用 frida 进行 Android hook 的典型操作:</p>
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          tw-mx-2 
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          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-62" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">Activity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">Java</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">use</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;com.evilpan.MainActivity&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">Activity</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">onCreate</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">implementation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">bundle</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;We&#39;re in!&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">onCreate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">bundle</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>类初始化的部分前面已经介绍过了，第二行通过指定方法的 implementation 属性赋值来实现函数替换的操作本质上就是通过 MethodMangler 完成的，代码在 <code>lib/class-factory.js</code>，关键部分如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
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    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-63" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">methodPrototype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">Object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Function</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prototype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">methodName</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">enumerable</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">get</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_p</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// holder: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// type: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// handle: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nx">implementation</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">enumerable</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">get</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">replacement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_r</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">replacement</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="nx">replacement</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">set</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">fn</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_p</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">holder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">type</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="nx">CONSTRUCTOR_METHOD</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nb">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Reimplementing $new is not possible; replace implementation of $init instead&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">existingReplacement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_r</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">existingReplacement</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nx">holder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">$f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_patchedMethods</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">mangler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">existingReplacement</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_m</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nx">mangler</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">revert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">fn</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">methodName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">classWrapper</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">methodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">retType</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">argTypes</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">replacement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">implement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">methodName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">classWrapper</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">retType</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">argTypes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">fn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">mangler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">makeMethodMangler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">methodId</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nx">replacement</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">mangler</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">replacement</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nx">mangler</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">replacement</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">type</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="nx">INSTANCE_METHOD</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">argTypes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nx">holder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">$f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_patchedMethods</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// returnType: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// argumentTypes: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// canInvokeWith: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// clone: {},
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// invoke: {}
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">});</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>当对目标方法赋值时，调用了 set 方法，首先会判断是否之前有替换过，如果有的话直接将原 hook 函数替换，从这里可以看出 frida 在 针对 Java 目前还没有实现多重 hook；对于未 hook 情况，会创建对应的 MethodMangler 并保存到 <code>Method._r._m</code> 中。</p>
<p>值得注意的是 <code>Method._p</code> 属性，这是一个数组，依次包含对应方法的信息:</p>

<div class="table-wrapper">
  <table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th style="text-align: ">idx</th>
            <th style="text-align: ">meaning</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">0</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">methodName</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">1</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">classWrapper</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">2</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">type</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">3</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">methodId</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">4</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">retType</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">5</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">argTypes</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">6</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">jniCall</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">7</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
<p><code>replacement</code> 将用户提供的 hook JavaScript 方法封装后转换成一个 <code>NativeCallbacks</code> 进行后续处理，而实际替换则使用 <code>mangler.replace</code> 进行实现。</p>
<h2 id="方法封装" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%85" class="header-mark"></a>方法封装</h2><p>上面传给 MehtodMangler 的 methodId 对应 JNI 的 jmethodId，那么问题来了，jmethodId 如何转换成 <code>ArtMethod</code> 指针呢？直觉认为应该和 <code>jclass</code> 差不多，直接强制转换就行了，很可惜这个直觉只对了一半，对于旧版本的 ART 这个猜测是正确的，但是在新版本中进行了部分重构。frida 中使用的是之前保存的一个 ART 函数 <code>art::jni::JniIdManager::DecodeMethodId</code> 来实现。</p>
<p>通过查看 Android 源码可以发现，该方法在一部分情况下是可以直接转换的，但是当使用摇色子模式且 jmethodId 是奇数时，会使用一个静态的哈希表来获取对应的原始指针，如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-64" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">template</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">typename</span> <span class="n">ArtType</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">ArtType</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">JniIdManager</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DecodeGenericId</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uintptr_t</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetJniIdType</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">JniIdType</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">kIndices</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ReaderMutexLock</span> <span class="nf">mu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Locks</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">jni_id_lock_</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IdToIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">DCHECK_GT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GetGenericMap</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArtType</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">GetGenericMap</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArtType</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">at</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">DCHECK_EQ</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">0u</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&#34;id: &#34;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">reinterpret_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArtType</span><span class="o">*&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">JniIdManager</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DecodeMethodId</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jmethodID</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DecodeGenericId</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">reinterpret_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">uintptr_t</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>由于转换方式相对繁琐，因此 frida 没有自己计算，而是通过 JniIdManager 的成员方法来辅助获取。</p>
<h2 id="方法替换" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e6%9b%bf%e6%8d%a2" class="header-mark"></a>方法替换</h2><p>回顾上文介绍的 <code>implementaion.set</code>，其中 Java 方法替换主要就是通过 <code>MethodMangler</code> 的 <code>replace</code> 的方法实现的，这其中是 frida 进行 ART hook 的主要逻辑，需要我们重点关注。</p>
<p>其实在之前的文章 “<a href="https://evilpan.com/2021/12/26/art-internal/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ART 在 Android 安全攻防中的应用</a>” 中已经简要介绍过了 ART Hook 的大致流程。这里再深入介绍一次，当然主要原因是我自己忘得差不多了，学而时习之，不亦悦乎？</p>
<p>在 ART 虚拟机中，对于方法的调用，大部分会调用到 <code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code>，因此我们可以以此为起点理解实际调用的过程。注意是大部分而不是所有，后面会解释为什么。</p>
<p>Invoke 的核心逻辑如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-65" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Invoke</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">uint32_t</span> <span class="n">args_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">JValue</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">runtime</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsStarted</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsForceInterpreter</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">IsProxyMethod</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">IsInvokable</span><span class="p">())))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsStatic</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">art</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">interpreter</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">EnterInterpreterFromInvoke</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="cm">/*stay_in_interpreter=*/</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">receiver</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">reinterpret_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">StackReference</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">&gt;*&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">AsMirrorPtr</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">art</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">interpreter</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">EnterInterpreterFromInvoke</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">receiver</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="cm">/*stay_in_interpreter=*/</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">IsStatic</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">art_quick_invoke_stub</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">art_quick_invoke_static_stub</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>主要分为两种情况，一种是 ART 未初始化完成或者系统配置强制以解释模式运行，此时则进入解释器；另一种情况是有 native 代码时，比如 JNI 代码、OAT 提前编译过的代码或者 JIT 运行时编译过的代码以及代理方法等，此时则直接跳转到 invoke_stub 去执行。</p>
<p>对于解释执行的情况，也细分为两种情况，一种是真正的解释执行，不断循环解析 CodeItem 中的每条指令并进行解析；另外一种是在当前解释执行遇到 native 方法时，这种情况一般是遇到了 JNI 函数，这时则通过 <code>method-&gt;GetEntryPointFromJni()</code> 获取对应地址进行跳转，所跳转的地址为:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-66" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArtMethod</span> <span class="k">final</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">PtrSizedFields</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Depending on the method type, the data is
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//   - native method: pointer to the JNI function registered to this method
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//                    or a function to resolve the JNI function,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//   - resolution method: pointer to a function to resolve the method and
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//                        the JNI function for @CriticalNative.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//   - conflict method: ImtConflictTable,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//   - abstract/interface method: the single-implementation if any,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//   - proxy method: the original interface method or constructor,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//   - other methods: during AOT the code item offset, at runtime a pointer
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">//                    to the code item.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">data_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Method dispatch from quick compiled code invokes this pointer which may cause bridging into
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// the interpreter.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">ptr_sized_fields_</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">};</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>而对于快速执行的模式是跳转到 stub 代码，以非静态方法为例，该 stub 定义在 <strong>art/runtime/arch/arm64/quick_entrypoints_arm64.S</strong> 文件中，大致作用是将参数保存在对应寄存器中，然后跳转到实际的地址执行:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-67" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">macro</span> <span class="nx">INVOKE_STUB_CALL_AND_RETURN</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">REFRESH_MARKING_REGISTER</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">REFRESH_SUSPEND_CHECK_REGISTER</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// load method-&gt; METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nx">ldr</span> <span class="nx">x9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">x0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">#</span><span class="nx">ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Branch to method.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nx">blr</span> <span class="nx">x9</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Pop the ArtMethod* (null), arguments and alignment padding from the stack.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nx">mov</span> <span class="nx">sp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">xFP</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">endm</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>x0</code> 的值保存着 ArtMethod 的地址，实际跳转的是对于 ArtMethod 的某个偏移，这个偏移定义在 <strong>art/tools/cpp-define-generator/art_method.def</strong>:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">text</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-68" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><pre tabindex="0"><code>ASM_DEFINE(ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64,
           art::ArtMethod::EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset(art::PointerSize::k64).Int32Value())</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<p>对应的正好是 <code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</code> 属性的偏移:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
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        class="
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        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-69" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">constexpr</span> <span class="n">MemberOffset</span> <span class="nf">EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PointerSize</span> <span class="n">pointer_size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">MemberOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PtrSizedFieldsOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pointer_size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">OFFSETOF_MEMBER</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">PtrSizedFields</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">static_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">size_t</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pointer_size</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>因此，不管是解释模式还是其他模式，只要目标方法有 native 代码，那么该方法的代码地址都是会保存在 <code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</code> 字段，只不过这个字段的含义在不同的场景中略有不同。</p>
<p>所以我们若想要实现 ART Hook，理论上只要找到对应方法在内存中的 ArtMethod 地址，然后替换其 entrypoint 的值即可。但是前面说过，并不是所有方法都会走到 <code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code>。比如对于系统函数的调用，OAT 优化时会直接将对应系统函数方法的调用替换为汇编跳转，跳转的目的就是就是对应方法的 entrypoint，因为 <code>boot.oat</code> 由 zygote 加载，对于所有应用而言内存地址都是固定的，因此 ART 可以在优化过程中省略方法的查找过程从而直接跳转。</p>
<p>在这样的前提下，再让我们回到 frida 的代码，看它如何能实现针对包括系统函数在内所有方法的 hook。</p>
<p>首先 MethodMangler 接受的是 JNI 层的 <code>jmethodId</code>，通过前面介绍过的转换方法获取到了原始的 <code>ArtMethod</code> 指针，并保存到 <code>methodId</code> 属性中:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
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    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
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  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-70" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">class</span> <span class="nx">ArtMethodMangler</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">constructor</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">opaqueMethodId</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">methodId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">unwrapMethodId</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">opaqueMethodId</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">methodId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">methodId</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">originalMethod</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">methodId</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">replacementMethodId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">interceptor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>当然 ArtMethod 结构体在不同版本中也是不同的，因此 frida 使用了一种特别的搜索方法来确定 jniCode(即<code>data_</code>)、quickCode、interpreterCode、accessFlag 的偏移，以及 ArtMethod 结构的大小。这些信息保存在 <code>originalMethod</code> 字段。</p>
<p>在执行方法替换的时候，会将原方法拷贝一份，地址保存在 <code>replacementMethodId</code> 中，然后对拷贝的方法进行 patch，主要修改以下几个字段:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
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          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-71" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">patchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">replacementMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">jniCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">impl</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">accessFlags</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">kAccCriticalNative</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccFastNative</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccNterpEntryPointFastPathFlag</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccNative</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">artClassLinker</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">quickGenericJniTrampoline</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">interpreterCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>jniCode 替换为用户指定的 js 函数封装而成的 NativeFunction，并将 accessFlags 设置为 <code>kAccNative</code>，即 JNI 方法。quickCode 和 interpreterCode 分别是 Quick 模式和解释器模式的入口，替换为了上文中查找保存的 trampoline，令 Quick 模式跳转到 JNI 入口，解释器模式跳转到 Quick 代码，这样就实现了该方法的拦截，每次执行都会当做 JNI 函数执行到 jniCode 即我们替换的代码中。</p>
<p>这样就完成了吗？基本功能已经实现了，但是还要处理一些特殊的情况。比如防止解释器模式进入 <code>fast_path</code>:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-72" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">hookedMethodRemovedFlags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">kAccFastInterpreterToInterpreterInvoke</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccSingleImplementation</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccNterpEntryPointFastPathFlag</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="nx">kAccNative</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">hookedMethodRemovedFlags</span> <span class="o">|=</span> <span class="nx">kAccSkipAccessChecks</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">patchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">accessFlags</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodRemovedFlags</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>另外，在 Android 8.0 后的 ART 中，使用了新一代的解释器 <a href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/improvements#interpreter-performance" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nterp(Next-Generation Interpreter)</a>，直接使用汇编实现以提高执行性能和内存使用。</p>
<p>如果待 hook 方法是解释执行，且使用了 nterp，那么 frida 会将其入口替换为  <code>art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge</code> 来跳出解释器，并进入到实际的 quickCode 去执行，从而让我们的方法替换功能保持完整。</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-73" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">artNterpEntryPoint</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">artNterpEntryPoint</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">equals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">artNterpEntryPoint</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">patchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">artQuickToInterpreterBridge</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>虽然此时我们已经将目标 ArtMethod 改成了 Native 方法，且 JNI 的入口指向我们的 hook 函数，但如果该方法已经被 OAT 或者 JIT 优化成了二进制代码，此时在字节码层调用 <code>invoke-xxx</code> 时会通过方法的 <code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</code> 直接跳转到 native 代码执行，而不是 <code>quick_xxx_trampoline</code>。</p>
<p>因此对于这种情况，我们可以将 entrypoint 的地址重新指向 trampoline，但如前文所说，对于系统函数而言，其地址已知，因此调用方被优化后很可能直接就调转到了对应的 native 地址，而不会通过 entrypoint 去查找。因此 frida 采用的方法是直接修改目标方法的 quickCode 内容，将其替换为一段跳板代码，然后再间接跳转到我们的劫持实现中。</p>
<p>以 ARM64 为例，trampoline 的部分代码如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-74" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">Memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">patchCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">trampoline</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">code</span> <span class="p">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">writer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Arm64Writer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">pc</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">trampoline</span> <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">relocator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Arm64Relocator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// Save FPRs.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d0&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;d1&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;d3&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d4&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;d5&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d6&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;d7&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// Save core args, callee-saves &amp; LR.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x2&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x3&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x4&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x5&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x6&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x7&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x20&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x21&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x22&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x23&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x24&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x25&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x26&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x27&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x28&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putPushRegReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x29&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;lr&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// Save ArtMethod* + alignment padding.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putSubRegRegImm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sp&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sp&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putStrRegRegOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x0&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sp&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">writer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">putCallAddressWithArguments</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">artController</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">replacedMethods</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">findReplacementFromQuickCode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;x0&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;x19&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// 保存调用结果，恢复寄存器 ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>quickCode 的替换使用使用 <code>ArtQuickCodeInterceptor</code> 完成，姑且理解为跳板管理器，保存在 MethodMangler 的 interceptor 属性中，这样在程序退出或者用户调用 <code>method.implementation = null</code> 时还会调用 <code>interceptor.deactivate</code> 恢复方法，防止残留 hook 代码导致的运行时崩溃。</p>
<h1 id="总结" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93" class="header-mark"></a>总结</h1><p>本文介绍了 frida 针对 ART 运行时的实现，其基本思路是通过运行时中的私有函数来与对应的 Java 虚拟机进行交互，其中大部分操作都基于 gum-js 接口进行实现，包括 Java 类和方法的封装、ART hook 以及 trampoline 汇编的编写等。除了 ART 还实现了 Dalvik 和 JVM 这两个虚拟机的接口，流程大同小异。甚至对于其他语言来说也是类似的，这也得益于 frida 开源社区的活跃性，相信未来会出现对更多高级语言的支持。</p>
<h1 id="参考链接" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%8f%82%e8%80%83%e9%93%be%e6%8e%a5" class="header-mark"></a>参考链接</h1><ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/frida/frida-java-bridge" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">frida-java-bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://frida.re/docs/javascript-api/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">frida JavaScript API</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/asLody/SandHook/blob/master/doc/doc.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SandHook - Docs</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rk700.github.io/2017/06/30/hook-on-android-n/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在Android N上对Java方法做hook遇到的坑</a></li>
<li><a href="https://weishu.me/2017/11/23/dexposed-on-art/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">我为Dexposed续一秒——论ART上运行时 Method AOP实现</a></li>
<li><a href="https://evilpan.com/2021/12/26/art-internal/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ART 在 Android 安全攻防中的应用</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<blockquote>
  <p><strong>版权声明</strong>: 自由转载-非商用-非衍生-保持署名 (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CC 4.0 BY-SA</a>)<br>
<strong>原文地址</strong>: <a href="https://evilpan.com/2022/04/17/frida-java/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://evilpan.com/2022/04/17/frida-java/</a><br>
<strong>微信订阅</strong>: <strong>『<a href="http://t.evilpan.com/qrcode.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">有价值炮灰</a>』</strong><br>
&ndash; <em>TO BE CONTINUED</em>.</p>
</blockquote><hr>]]></description>
</item><item>
    <title>ART 在 Android 安全攻防中的应用</title>
    <link>https://evilpan.com/2021/12/26/art-internal/</link>
    <pubDate>Sun, 26 Dec 2021 12:40:00 &#43;0800</pubDate><author>
        <name>evilpan</name>
    </author><guid>https://evilpan.com/2021/12/26/art-internal/</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>在日常的 Android 应用安全分析中，经常会遇到一些对抗，比如目标应用加壳、混淆、加固，需要进行脱壳还原；又或者会有针对常用注入工具的检测，比如 frida、Xposed 等，这时候也会想知道这些工具的核心原理以及是否自己可以实现。</p>
<p>其实这些问题的答案就在 Android 的 Java 虚拟机实现中。可以是早期的 Dalvik 虚拟机，也可以是最新的 ART 虚拟机。从时代潮流来看，本文主要专注于 ART。不过，为了铭记历史，也会对 Dalvik 虚拟机做一个简单的介绍。最后会从 ART 的实现出发j对一些实际的应用场景进行讨论。</p>
<blockquote>
  <p>注: 本文分析基于 AOSP android-12.0.0_r11</p>
</blockquote><h1 id="java-vm" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#java-vm" class="header-mark"></a>Java VM</h1><p>我们知道，Java 是一门跨平台的语言，系统实际运行的是 Java 字节码，由 Java 虚拟机去解释执行。如果读者之前看过 <a href="https://evilpan.com/2020/10/11/protected-python/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">如何破解一个Python虚拟机壳并拿走12300元ETH</a> 一文或者对 Python 虚拟机有所了解的话就会知道，解释执行的过程可以看做是一个循环，对每条指令进行解析，并针对指令的名称通过巨大的 switch-case 分发到不同的分支中处理。其实 Java 虚拟机也是类似的，但 JVM 对于性能做了很多优化，比如 JIT 运行时将字节码优化成对应平台的二进制代码，提高后续运行速度等。</p>
<p>Android 代码既然是用 Java 代码编写的，那么运行时应该也会有一个解析字节码的虚拟机。和标准的 JVM 不同，Android 中实际会将 Java 代码编译为 Dalvik 字节码，运行时解析的也是用自研的虚拟机实现。之所以使用自研实现，也许一方面有商业版权的考虑，另一方面也确实是适应了移动端的的运行场景。Dalvik 指令基于寄存器，占 1-2 字节，Java 虚拟机指令基于栈，每条指令只占 1 字节；因此 Dalvik 虚拟机用空间换时间从而获得比 Oracle JVM 更快的执行速度。</p>
<h2 id="启动" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8" class="header-mark"></a>启动</h2><p>其实 Java 代码执行并不慢，但其启动时间却是一大瓶颈。如果每个 APP 运行都要启动并初始化 Java 虚拟机，那延时将是无法接受的。在 <a href="https://evilpan.com/2021/12/05/apk-startup/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Android 12 应用启动流程分析</a> 一文中我们说到，APP 应用进程实际上是通过 zygote 进程 fork 出来的。这样的好处是子进程继承了父进程的进程空间，对于只读部分可以直接使用，而数据段也可以通过 COW(Copy On Write) 进行延时映射。查看 zygote 与其子进程的 <code>/proc/self/maps</code> 可以发现大部分系统库的映射都是相同的，这就是 fork 所带来的好处。</p>
<p>在 <a href="https://evilpan.com/2020/11/08/android-init/#native-%E5%B1%82" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Android 用户态启动流程分析</a> 中我们分析了 init、zygote 和 system_server 的启动流程，其中在介绍 zygote 的启动流程时说到这是个 native 程序，在其中 main 函数的结尾有这么一段代码:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
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      <button 
        class="
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  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-40" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">zygote</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">runtime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zygote</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">className</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">runtime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zygote</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// ....
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>上述代码在 <strong>frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp</strong> 中，<strong>runtime.start</strong> 的作用就是启动 Java 虚拟机并将执行流转交给对应的 Java 函数。</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-41" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">AndroidRuntime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">className</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">Vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">String8</span><span class="o">&gt;&amp;</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">zygote</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/* start the virtual machine */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">JniInvocation</span> <span class="n">jni_invocation</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jni_invocation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">JNIEnv</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">startVm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">mJavaVM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zygote</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">onVmCreated</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * Register android functions.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">startReg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ALOGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;Unable to register all android natives</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  	 <span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * not return until the VM exits.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jclass</span> <span class="n">startClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">FindClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slashClassName</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">jmethodID</span> <span class="n">startMeth</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetStaticMethodID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">startClass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;main&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;([Ljava/lang/String;)V&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">CallStaticVoidMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">startClass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">startMeth</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">strArray</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>详细介绍可以会看 <a href="https://evilpan.com/2020/11/08/android-init/#native-%E5%B1%82" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Android 用户态启动流程分析</a> 一文，这里我们只需要知道 Java 虚拟机是在 Zygote 进程创建的，并由子进程继承，因此 APP 从 zygote 进程中 fork 启动后就无需再次启动 Java 虚拟机，而是复用原有的虚拟机执行轻量的初始化即可。</p>
<h2 id="接口" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3" class="header-mark"></a>接口</h2><p>Android Java 虚拟机包括早期的 Dalvik 虚拟机和当前的 ART 虚拟机，我们将其统称为 Java 虚拟机，因为对于应用程序而言应该是透明的，也就是说二者应该提供了统一的对外接口。</p>
<p>这个接口可以分为两部分，一部分是提供给 Java 应用的接口，即我们常见的 JavaVM、JNIEnv 结构体提供的诸如 FindClass、GetMethodID、CallVoidMethod 等接口；另一部分则是提供给系统开发者的接口，系统通过这些接口去初始化并创建虚拟机，从而使自身具备执行 Java 代码的功能。</p>
<p><strong>JniInvocation.Init</strong> 方法中即进行了第二部分接口的初始化操作，其中主要逻辑是根据系统属性 (persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2) 判断待加载的虚拟机动态库，Dalvik 虚拟机对应的是 libdvm.so，ART 虚拟机对应的是 libart.so；然后通过 <strong>dlopen</strong> 进行加载，并通过 <strong>dlsym</strong> 获取其中三个函数符号，作为抽象 Java 虚拟机的接口:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs</strong>: 获取默认的 JVM 初始化参数；</li>
<li><strong>JNI_CreateJavaVM</strong>: 创建 Java 虚拟机；</li>
<li><strong>JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs</strong>: 获取已经创建的 Java 虚拟机实例；</li>
</ul>
<p>例如，在上述 zygote 的 <code>AndroidRuntime::startVm</code> 方法实现中，就是通过指定参数最终调用 JNI_CreateJavaVM 来完成 Java 虚拟机的创建工作。</p>
<p>通过这三个接口实现了对于不同 Java 虚拟机细节的隐藏，既可以用 ART 无缝替换 Dalvik 虚拟机，也可以在未来用某个新的虚拟机无缝替换掉 ART 虚拟机。</p>
<p>总的来说，Java 虚拟机只在 Zygote 进程中创建一次，子进程通过 fork 获得虚拟机的一个副本，因此 zygote 才被称为所有 Java 进程的父进程；同时，也因为每个子进程拥有独立的虚拟机副本，所以某个进程的虚拟机崩溃后不影响其他进程，从而实现安全的运行时隔离。</p>
<h1 id="dalvik" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#dalvik" class="header-mark"></a>Dalvik</h1><p>Dalvik 是早期 Android 的 Java 虚拟机，伴随着 Android 5.0 的更新，正式宣告其历史使命的结束:</p>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-42" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
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      "><pre tabindex="0"><code class="language-git" data-lang="git">commit 870b4f2d70d67d6dbb7d0881d101c61bed8caad2
Author: Brian Carlstrom &lt;bdc@google.com&gt;
Date:   Tue Aug 5 12:46:17 2014 -0700

    Dalvik is dead, long live Dalvik!</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<p>虽然现在 Dalvik 已经被 ART 虚拟机所取代，但其简洁的实现有助于我们理解 Java 代码的运行流程，因此还是先对其进行简单的介绍。</p>
<p>上节中我们知道 zygote 进程创建并初始化 Java 虚拟机后执行的第一个 Java 函数是 <strong>com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit</strong> 的 main 方法，这是个静态方法，因此在 Native 层调用的是 JNI 接口函数 <strong>CallStaticVoidMethod</strong>。其调用流程可以简化如下所示:</p>

<div class="table-wrapper">
  <table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th style="text-align: ">method</th>
            <th style="text-align: ">file</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: "><strong>JNIEnv</strong>.CallStaticVoidMethod</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">dalvik/libnativehelper/include/nativehelper/jni.h</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: "><strong>JNINativeInterface</strong>.CallStaticVoidMethodV</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">dalvik/vm/Jni.c</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: "><strong>Jni</strong>.dvmCallMethodV</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">dalvik/vm/interp/Stack.c</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: "><strong>Stack</strong>.dvmInterpret</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">dalvik/vm/interp/Interp.c</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">dvmInterpretStd</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">dalvik/vm/mterp/out/InterpC-portstd.c (动态生成)</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
<p>Dalvik 虚拟机支持三种执行模式，分别是:</p>
<ul>
<li>kExecutionModeInterpPortable: 可移植模式，能运行在不同的平台中，对应的运行方法是 dvmInterpretStd；</li>
<li>kExecutionModeInterpFast: 快速模式，针对特定平台优化，对应的运行方法是 dvmMterpStd；</li>
<li>kExecutionModeJit: JIT 模式，运行时编译为特定平台的 native 代码，对应运行方法也是 dvmMterpStd；</li>
</ul>
<p>以上述调用流程中的 portable 模式为例，对应 dvmInterpretStd 实现的核心代码如下所示:</p>
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
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      <button 
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        class="
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          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
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        title="Copy code">
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-43" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#define INTERP_FUNC_NAME dvmInterpretStd
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="nf">INTERP_FUNC_NAME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">InterpState</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/* core state */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">Method</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">curMethod</span><span class="p">;</span>    <span class="c1">// method we&#39;re interpreting
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">u2</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">pc</span><span class="p">;</span>               <span class="c1">// program counter
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">u4</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">;</span>                     <span class="c1">// frame pointer
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">u2</span> <span class="n">inst</span><span class="p">;</span>                    <span class="c1">// current instruction
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/* copy state in */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">curMethod</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">pc</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">fp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">retval</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">retval</span><span class="p">;</span>   <span class="cm">/* only need for kInterpEntryReturn? */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">methodClassDex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">curMethod</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">clazz</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">pDvmDex</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="cm">/* fetch the next 16 bits from the instruction stream */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">inst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">FETCH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">INST_INST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inst</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="nf">HANDLE_OPCODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OP_INVOKE_DIRECT</span> <span class="cm">/*vB, {vD, vE, vF, vG, vA}, meth@CCCC*/</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nf">GOTO_invoke</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">invokeDirect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">OP_END</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="nf">HANDLE_OPCODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OP_RETURN</span> <span class="cm">/*vAA*/</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="nf">HANDLE_OPCODE</span><span class="p">(...)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/* export state changes */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">curMethod</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pc</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">fp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/* debugTrackedRefStart doesn&#39;t change */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">retval</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">retval</span><span class="p">;</span>   <span class="cm">/* need for _entryPoint=ret */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">interpState</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">nextMode</span> <span class="o">=</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INTERP_TYPE</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">INTERP_STD</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="nl">INTERP_DBG</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">INTERP_STD</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>可以看到其核心在于一个巨大的 switch/case，以 PC 为起点不断读取字节码(4字节对齐)，并根据 op_code 去分发解释执行不同的指令直到 Java 方法运行结束返回或者抛出异常。之所以称为可移植模式(portable)正是因为该代码纯粹是解释执行，既没有提前优化也没有运行时的 JIT 优化，也因此具有平台无关性，只要 C 编译器支持对应平台即可运行。</p>
<p>虽然 Dalvik 已经被 ART 取代，但其中的 Dalvik 字节码格式还是被保留了下来。即便在最新版本的 Android 中，编译 Java 生成的依旧是 DEX 文件，其格式可以参考 <a href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/dex-format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dalvik Executable format</a>，Dalvik 字节码的介绍可以参考官方文档 <a href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/dalvik-bytecode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dalvik bytecode</a>。</p>
<h1 id="art" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#art" class="header-mark"></a>ART</h1><p>ART 全称为 Android Runtime，是继 Dalvik 之后推出的高性能 Android Java 虚拟机。在本文中我们重点关注 ART 虚拟机执行 Java 代码的流程。在介绍 ART 的代码执行流程之前，我们需要先了解在 ART 中针对 DEX 的一系列提前优化方案，以及由此产生的各类中间文件。</p>
<h2 id="提前优化" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%8f%90%e5%89%8d%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96" class="header-mark"></a>提前优化</h2><p>在我们使用 Android-Studio 编译应用时，实际上是通过 Java 编译器先将 <code>.java</code> 代码编译为对应的 Java 字节码，即 <code>.class</code> 类文件；然后用 <code>dx</code>(在新版本中是<code>d8</code>) 将 Java 字节码转换为 Dalvik 字节码，并将所有生成的类打包到统一的 DEX 文件中，最终和资源文件一起 zip 压缩为 <code>.apk</code> 文件。</p>
<p>在安装用户的 APK 时，Android 系统主要通过 PacketManager 对应用进行解包和安装。其中在处理 DEX 文件时候，会通过 <strong>installd</strong> 进程调用对应的二进制程序对字节码进行优化，这对于 Dalvik 虚拟机而言使用的是 <strong>dexopt</strong> 程序，而 ART 中使用的是 <strong>dex2oat</strong> 程序。</p>
<p>dexopt 将 dex 文件优化为 odex 文件，即 optimized-dex 的缩写，其中包含的是优化后的 Dalvik 字节码，称为 quickend dex；dex2oat 基于 LLVM，优化后生成的是对应平台的二进制代码，以 oat 格式保存，oat 的全称为 Ahead-Of-Time。oat 文件实际上是以 ELF 格式进行存储的，并在其中 oatdata 段(section) 包含了原始的 DEX 内容。</p>
<p>在 Android 8 之后，将 OAT 文件一分为二，原 oat 仍然是 ELF 格式，但原始 DEX 文件内容被保存到了 VDEX 中，VDEX 有其独立的文件格式。整体流程如下图所示:</p>
<p><figure><a class="lightgallery" href="/img/2021-12-26-art-internal/1.png" title="Java 代码处理流程" data-thumbnail="/img/2021-12-26-art-internal/1.png" data-sub-html="<h2>LIEF Documentation - Android formats</h2><p>Java 代码处理流程</p>"><img  loading="lazy" src='/img/2021-12-26-art-internal/1.png'   alt="Java 代码处理流程"  ></a><figcaption class="image-caption">LIEF Documentation - Android formats</figcaption>
</figure></p>
<p>值得一提的是，在 Andorid 系统中 dex2oat 会将优化后的代码保存在 <code>/data/app</code> 对应的应用路径下，系统应用会保存在 <code>/data/dalvik-cache/</code> 下，对于后者，产生的实际有三个文件，比如:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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      aria-hidden="true">
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">sh</p>
      </button>

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        class="
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          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

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        class="
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          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
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        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
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        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-44" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl">$ ls -l <span class="p">|</span> grep Settings.apk
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">-rw-r----- <span class="m">1</span> system system           <span class="m">77824</span> 2021-12-10 10:33 system_ext@priv-app@Settings@Settings.apk@classes.art
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">-rw-r----- <span class="m">1</span> system system          <span class="m">192280</span> 2021-11-19 12:50 system_ext@priv-app@Settings@Settings.apk@classes.dex
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">-rw-r----- <span class="m">1</span> system system           <span class="m">59646</span> 2021-12-10 10:33 system_ext@priv-app@Settings@Settings.apk@classes.vdex</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>system_ext@priv-app@Settings@Settings.apk@classes.dex</code> 实际上是 ELF 格式的 OAT 文件，所以我们不能以貌(后缀)取人；<code>.art</code> 也是一个特殊的文件格式，如前文所言，Android 实现了自己的 Java 虚拟机，这个虚拟机本身是用 C/C++ 实现的，其中的一些 Java 原语有对应的 C++ 类，比如:</p>
<ul>
<li>java.lang.Class 对应 art::mirror::Class</li>
<li>java.lang.String 对应 art::mirror::String</li>
<li>java.lang.reflect.Method 对应 art::mirror::Method</li>
<li>……</li>
</ul>
<p>当创建一个 Java 对象时，内存中会创建对应的 C++ 对象并调用其构造函数，JVM 管理者这些 C++ 对象的引用。为了加速启动过程，避免对这些常见类的初始化，Android 使用了 <code>.art</code> 格式来保存这些 C++ 对象的实例，简单来说，art 文件可以看做是一系列常用 C++ 对象的内存 dump。</p>
<p>不论是 oat、vdex 还是 art，都是 Android 定义的内部文件格式，官方并不保证其兼容性，事实上在 Android 各个版本中这些文件格式都有不同程度的变化，这些变化是不反映在文档中的，只能通过代码去一窥究竟。因此对于这些文件格式我们现在只需要知道其大致作用，无需关心其实现细节。</p>
<h2 id="文件加载" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%8a%a0%e8%bd%bd" class="header-mark"></a>文件加载</h2><p>在前一篇文章 (<a href="https://evilpan.com/2021/12/05/apk-startup/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Android 12 应用启动流程分析</a>) 中我们知道 APP 最终在 ActivityThread 中完成 Application 的创建和初始化，最终调用 Activity.onCreate 进入视图组件的生命周期。但这里其实忽略了一个问题: APP 的代码(DEX/OAT 文件) 是如何加载到进程中的？</p>
<p>在 Java 中负责加载指定类的对象是 <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/ClassLoader.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ClassLoader</a>，Android 中也是类似，BaseDexClassLoader 继承自 ClassLoader 类，实现了许多 DEX 相关的加载操作，其子类包括:</p>
<ul>
<li>DexClassLoader: 负责从 <code>.jar</code> 或者 <code>.apk</code> 中加载类；</li>
<li>PathClassLoader: 负责从本地文件中初始化类加载器；</li>
<li>InMemoryDexClassLoader: 从内存中初始化类加载器；</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="classloader" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#classloader" class="header-mark"></a>ClassLoader</h3><p>以常见的 <code>PathClassLoader</code> 为例，其构造函数会调用父类的构造函数，整体调用链路简化如下表:</p>

<div class="table-wrapper">
  <table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th style="text-align: ">method</th>
            <th style="text-align: ">file</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">new PathClassLoader</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">new BaseDexClassLoader</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/BaseDexClassLoader.java</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">new DexPathList</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/DexPathList.java</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">DexPathList.makeDexElements</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">DexPathList.loadDexFile</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">new DexFile</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/DexFile.java</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">DexFile.openDexFile</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">DexFile.openDexFileNative</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: "><strong>DexFile_openDexFileNative</strong></td>
            <td style="text-align: ">art/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">OatFileManager::OpenDexFilesFromOat</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">art/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
<p>在 <strong>OpenDexFilesFromOat</strong> 中执行了真正的代码加载工作，伪代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    <button 
      class="
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-45" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">OatFileManager</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">OpenDexFilesFromOat</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OpenDexFilesFromOat_Impl</span><span class="p">(...);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&gt;&amp;</span> <span class="nl">dex_file</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">DisableWrite</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">error_msgs</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;Failed to make dex file &#34;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetLocation</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">&#34; read-only&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>通过 OpenDexFilesFromOat_Impl 加载获取 DexFile 结构体数组，值得注意的是加载完 DEX 之后会将内存中的 dex_file 设置为不可写，当然目前还没有强制，但可见这是未来的趋势。</p>
<p>继续看实现部分是如何加载 Dex 文件的:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-46" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
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      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
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      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
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      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">OatFileManager</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">OpenDexFilesFromOat_Impl</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Extract dex file headers from `dex_mem_maps`.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Header</span><span class="o">*&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_headers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GetDexFileHeaders</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_mem_maps</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Determine dex/vdex locations and the combined location checksum.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">dex_location</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">vdex_path</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">has_vdex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OatFileAssistant</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">AnonymousDexVdexLocation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_headers</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                             <span class="n">kRuntimeISA</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                             <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">dex_location</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                             <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vdex_path</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">has_vdex</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">OS</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">FileExists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vdex_path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">()))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">vdex_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">VdexFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vdex_path</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="cm">/* writable= */</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="cm">/* low_4gb= */</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="cm">/* unquicken= */</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">error_msg</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Load dex files. Skip structural dex file verification if vdex was found
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// and dex checksums matched.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">dex_mem_maps</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">constexpr</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">kVerifyChecksum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">ArtDexFileLoader</span> <span class="n">dex_file_loader</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Open</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">DexFileLoader</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">GetMultiDexLocation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dex_location</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">()),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">dex_headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">checksum_</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">move</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_mem_maps</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="cm">/* verify= */</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vdex_file</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsVerificationEnabled</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">kVerifyChecksum</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">error_msg</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">dex</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">tracking</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">RegisterDexFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">());</span>  <span class="c1">// Register for tracking.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>            <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">move</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Initialize an OatFile instance backed by the loaded vdex.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">unique_ptr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">OatFile</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">oat_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OatFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">OpenFromVdex</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">MakeNonOwningPointerVector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">move</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vdex_file</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">dex_location</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oat_file</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">VLOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&#34;Registering &#34;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">oat_file</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetLocation</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">out_oat_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RegisterOatFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">move</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oat_file</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>加载过程首先将 vdex 映射到内存中，然后将已经映射到内存中的 dex 或者在磁盘中的 dex 转换为 DexFile 结构体，最后再将 vdex 和 oat 文件关联起来。</p>
<h3 id="vdexfile" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#vdexfile" class="header-mark"></a>VdexFile</h3><p>vdex 是 Android 8.0 加入的新文件格式，主要用于保存优化代码的原始 DEX 信息，而 OAT 中则主要保存 dex2oat 编译后的 Native 代码。</p>
<p>VdexFile 的结构大致如下所示，其中 <code>D</code> 代表 VDEX 中包含的 DEX 文件个数:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">text</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
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          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-47" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><pre tabindex="0"><code>VdexFileHeader    fixed-length header
VdexSectionHeader[kNumberOfSections]

Checksum section
  VdexChecksum[D]

Optionally:
   DexSection
       DEX[0]                array of the input DEX files
       DEX[1]
       ...
       DEX[D-1]

VerifierDeps
   4-byte alignment
   uint32[D]                  DexFileDeps offsets for each dex file
   DexFileDeps[D][]           verification dependencies
     4-byte alignment
     uint32[class_def_size]     TypeAssignability offsets (kNotVerifiedMarker for a class that isn&#39;t verified)
     uint32                     Offset of end of AssignabilityType sets
     uint8[]                    AssignabilityType sets
     4-byte alignment
     uint32                     Number of strings
     uint32[]                   String data offsets for each string
     uint8[]                    String data</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<blockquote>
  <p>VdexFile 结构详见: <a href="https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/&#43;/master:art/runtime/vdex_file.h" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>art/runtime/vdex_file.h</em></a></p>
</blockquote><h3 id="dexfile" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#dexfile" class="header-mark"></a>DexFile</h3><p><strong>dex_file_loader.Open</strong> 的调用路径如下:</p>
<ul>
<li>ArtDexFileLoader::Open</li>
<li>ArtDexFileLoader::OpenCommon</li>
<li>DexFileLoader::OpenCommon
<ul>
<li>magic == &ldquo;dex\n&rdquo; -&gt; new StandardDexFile()</li>
<li>magic == &ldquo;cdex&rdquo;  -&gt; new CompactDexFile()</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>实际根据起始 4 字节判断是标准 DEX 还是紧凑型 DEX (cdex, compat dex)，并使用对应的结构体进行初始化。cdex 是当前 ART 内部使用的 DEX 文件格式，主要是为了减少磁盘和内存的使用。但不论是 StandardDexFile 还是 CompactDexFile 都继承于 DexFile，二者的构造函数最终还是会调用 DexFile 的构造函数。</p>
<blockquote>
  <p>DexFile 结构详见 <a href="https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/&#43;/master:art/libdexfile/dex/dex_file.h" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>art/libdexfile/dex/dex_file.h</em></a></p>
</blockquote><h3 id="oatfile" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#oatfile" class="header-mark"></a>OatFile</h3><p>在完成所有 DexFile 的初始化之后，会继续使用 <code>OatFile::OpenFromVdex</code> 创建 oat_file 并进行注册。该函数的调用链路如下:</p>
<ul>
<li>OatFile::OpenFromVdex</li>
<li>OatFileBackedByVdex::Open</li>
<li>new OatFileBackedByVdex</li>
<li>OatFileBase::OatFileBase</li>
<li>OatFile::OatFile</li>
</ul>
<p>与早期使用 odex 的区别是现在在创建完 OatFile 之后，会调用 <code>oat_file-&gt;SetVdex</code> 获取 vdex 对象的所有权，用以实现 OAT 的部分接口，比如获取内存中对应 DEX 文件的起始地址:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
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        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-48" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">uint8_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">OatFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DexBegin</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">vdex_</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">Begin</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<blockquote>
  <p>详见: art/runtime/oat_file.h</p>
</blockquote><h2 id="方法调用" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8" class="header-mark"></a>方法调用</h2><p>本来按照时间线来看的话，这里应该先介绍 ART 运行时类和方法的加载过程，但我从实践出发，先看 Java 方法的调用过程，并针对其中涉及到的概念在下一节继续介绍。</p>
<p>在 Web 安全中，Java 服务端通常带有一个称为 RASP (Runtime Application Self-Protection) 的动态防护方案，比如监控某些执行命令的敏感函数调用并进行告警，其实际 hook 点是在 JVM 中，不论是方法直接调用还是反射调用都可以检测到。因此我们有理由猜测在 Android 中也有类似的调用链路，为了方便观察，这里先看反射调用的场景，一般反射调用的示例如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">java</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-49" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">java.lang.reflect.*</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;com.evilpan.DemoClass&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">Method</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;foo&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">invoke</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>因此一个方法的调用会进入到 <code>Method.invoke</code> 方法，这是一个 <strong>native 方法</strong>，实际实现在 <em>art/runtime/native/java_lang_reflect_Method.cc</em>:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-50" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="nf">Method_invoke</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNIEnv</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaMethod</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaReceiver</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                             <span class="n">jobjectArray</span> <span class="n">javaArgs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">InvokeMethod</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">kRuntimePointerSize</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">javaMethod</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">javaReceiver</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">javaArgs</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>InvokeMethod 定义在 <em>art/runtime/reflection.cc</em>，其实现的核心代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-51" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">template</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">PointerSize</span> <span class="n">kPointerSize</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">InvokeMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaMethod</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                     <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaReceiver</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaArgs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">num_frames</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Executable</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">executable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Decode</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Executable</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">javaMethod</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">accessible</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">executable</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsAccessible</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">executable</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetArtMethod</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">declaring_class</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsVisiblyInitialized</span><span class="p">()))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetClassLinker</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">EnsureInitialized</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_class</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="cm">/*can_init_fields=*/</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="cm">/*can_init_parents=*/</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsStatic</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">declaring_class</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsStringClass</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsConstructor</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">WellKnownClasses</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">StringInitToStringFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">receiver</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetClass</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">FindVirtualMethodForVirtualOrInterface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">kPointerSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">accessible</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">VerifyAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="cm">/*...*/</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ThrowIllegalAccessException</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">StringPrintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;Class %s cannot access %s method %s of class %s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">InvokeMethodImpl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">np_method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">receiver</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">objects</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>上面省略了许多细节，主要是做了一些调用前的检查和预处理工作，流程可以概况为:</p>
<ol>
<li>判断方法所属的类是否已经初始化过，如果没有则进行初始化；</li>
<li>将 <code>String.&lt;init&gt;</code> 构造函数调用替换为对应的工厂 <code>StringFactory</code> 方法调用；</li>
<li>如果是虚函数调用，替换为运行时实际的函数；</li>
<li>判断方法是否可以访问，如果不能访问则抛出异常；</li>
<li>调用函数；</li>
</ol>
<p>值得注意的是，jobject 类型的 javaMethod 可以转换为 <code>ArtMethod</code> 指针，该结构体是 ART 虚拟机中对于具体方法的描述。之后经过一系列调用:</p>
<ul>
<li>InvokeMethodImpl</li>
<li>InvokeWithArgArray</li>
<li><code>method-&gt;Invoke()</code></li>
</ul>
<p>最终进入 <code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code> 函数，还是只看核心代码:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-52" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Invoke</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">uint32_t</span> <span class="n">args_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">JValue</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                       <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">runtime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">runtime</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsStarted</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">||</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">               <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsForceInterpreter</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">IsProxyMethod</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">IsInvokable</span><span class="p">())))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">art</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">interpreter</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">EnterInterpreterFromInvoke</span><span class="p">(...);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">have_quick_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">have_quick_code</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">IsStatic</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">art_quick_invoke_stub</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">art_quick_invoke_static_stub</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shorty</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LOG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&#34;Not invoking &#39;&#34;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">PrettyMethod</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&#34;&#39; code=null&#34;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">self</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">PopManagedStackFragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>ART 对于 Java 方法实现了两种执行模式，一种是像 Dalvik 虚拟机一样解释执行字节码，姑且称为解释模式；另一种是快速模式，即直接调用通过 OAT 编译后的本地代码。</p>
<blockquote>
  <p>在 ART 早期指定本地代码还细分为 Portable 和 Quick 两种模式，但由于对极致速度的追求以及随着 Quick 模式的不断优化，Portable 也逐渐退出了历史舞台。</p>
</blockquote><p>阅读上述代码可以得知，当 ART 运行时尚未启动或者指定强制使用解释执行时，虚拟机执行函数使用的是解释模式，ART 可以在启动时指定 <code>-Xint</code> 参数强制使用解释执行，但即便指定了使用解释执行模式，还是有一些情况无法使用解释执行，比如:</p>
<ol>
<li>当所执行的方法是 Native 方法时，这时只有二进制代码，不存在字节码，自然无法解释执行；</li>
<li>当所执行的方法无法调用，比如 access_flag 判定无法访问或者当前方法是抽象方法时；</li>
<li>当所执行的方式是代理方法时，ART 对于代理方法有单独的本地调用方式；</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="解释执行" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8a%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c" class="header-mark"></a>解释执行</h3><p>解释执行的入口是 <code>art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromInvoke</code>，该函数定义在 <em>art/runtime/interpreter/interpreter.cc</em>，关键代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-53" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
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      tw-transition-[max-height] 
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      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">EnterInterpreterFromInvoke</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">receiver</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="n">JValue</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">stay_in_interpreter</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">CodeItemDataAccessor</span> <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">DexInstructionData</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">HasCodeItem</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">num_regs</span> <span class="o">=</span>  <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RegistersSize</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">num_ins</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">InsSize</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 初始化栈帧 ......
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">JValue</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">JValue</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">stay_in_interpreter</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>其中的 <code>CodeItem</code> 就是 DEX 文件中对应方法的字节码，还是老样子，直接看简化的调用链路:</p>

<div class="table-wrapper">
  <table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th style="text-align: ">method</th>
            <th style="text-align: ">file</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">Execute</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">art/runtime/interpreter/interpreter.cc</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">ExecuteSwitch</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">ExecuteSwitchImpl</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">art/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_switch_impl.h</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">ExecuteSwitchImplAsm</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">&hellip;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">ExecuteSwitchImplAsm</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">art/runtime/arch/arm64/quick_entrypoints_arm64.S</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="text-align: ">ExecuteSwitchImplCpp</td>
            <td style="text-align: ">art/runtime/interpreter/interpreter_switch_impl-inl.h</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
<p><code>ExecuteSwitchImplAsm</code> 为了速度直接使用汇编实现，在 ARM64 平台中的定义如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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      class="
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
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        class="
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
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          tw-block 
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        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
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    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-54" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">//  Wrap ExecuteSwitchImpl in assembly method which specifies DEX PC for unwinding.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">//  Argument 0: x0: The context pointer for ExecuteSwitchImpl.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">//  Argument 1: x1: Pointer to the templated ExecuteSwitchImpl to call.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">//  Argument 2: x2: The value of DEX PC (memory address of the methods bytecode).
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">ENTRY</span> <span class="n">ExecuteSwitchImplAsm</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">SAVE_TWO_REGS_INCREASE_FRAME</span> <span class="n">x19</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xLR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">mov</span> <span class="n">x19</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x2</span>                                   <span class="c1">// x19 = DEX PC
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nf">CFI_DEFINE_DEX_PC_WITH_OFFSET</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="cm">/* x0 */</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">19</span> <span class="cm">/* x19 */</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">blr</span> <span class="n">x1</span>                                        <span class="c1">// Call the wrapped method.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">RESTORE_TWO_REGS_DECREASE_FRAME</span> <span class="n">x19</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xLR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ret</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">END</span> <span class="n">ExecuteSwitchImplAsm</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>本质上是调用保存在 x1 寄存器的第二个参数，调用处的代码片段如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-55" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">template</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">do_access_check</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">transaction_active</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ALWAYS_INLINE</span> <span class="n">JValue</span> <span class="n">ExecuteSwitchImpl</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">//...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">impl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">reinterpret_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ExecuteSwitchImplCpp</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">do_access_check</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">transaction_active</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">uint16_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">dex_pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Insns</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ExecuteSwitchImplAsm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">impl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dex_pc</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>即调用了 <code>ExecuteSwitchImplCpp</code>，在该函数中，可以看见典型的解释执行代码:</p>
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        class="
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-56" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">template</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">do_access_check</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">transaction_active</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">ExecuteSwitchImplCpp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SwitchImplContext</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">CodeItemDataAccessor</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">accessor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ShadowFrame</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">shadow_frame</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">self</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">VerifyStack</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">uint32_t</span> <span class="n">dex_pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetDexPC</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">auto</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">instrumentation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetInstrumentation</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">uint16_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">insns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Insns</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">Instruction</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Instruction</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">At</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">insns</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">dex_pc</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">Instruction</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">inst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">dex_pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">inst</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetDexPc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">insns</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SetDexPC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_pc</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">TraceExecution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shadow_frame</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inst</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dex_pc</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kt">uint16_t</span> <span class="n">inst_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">inst</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">Fetch16</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// 一条指令 4 字节
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">InstructionHandler</span><span class="p">(...).</span><span class="n">Preamble</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inst</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">Opcode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inst_data</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">case</span> <span class="nl">xxx</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">...;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">case</span> <span class="nl">yyy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">...;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">...</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>在当前版本中 (Android 12)，实际上是通过宏展开去定义了所有 op_code 的处理分支，不同版本实现都略有不同，但解释执行的核心思路从 Android 2.x 版本到现在都是一致的，因为字节码的定义并没有太多改变。</p>
<h3 id="快速执行" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c" class="header-mark"></a>快速执行</h3><p>再回到 ArtMethod 真正调用之前，如果不使用解释模式执行，则通过 <code>art_quick_invoke_stub</code> 去调用。stub 是一小段中间代码，用于跳转到实际的 native 执行，该符号使用汇编实现，在 ARM64 中的定义在 <em>art/runtime/arch/arm64/quick_entrypoints_arm64.S</em>，核心代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-57" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">macro</span> <span class="n">INVOKE_STUB_CALL_AND_RETURN</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">REFRESH_MARKING_REGISTER</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">REFRESH_SUSPEND_CHECK_REGISTER</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// load method-&gt; METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">ldr</span> <span class="n">x9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">#</span><span class="n">ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Branch to method.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">blr</span> <span class="n">x9</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">endm</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *  extern&#34;C&#34; void art_quick_invoke_stub(ArtMethod *method,   x0
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *                                       uint32_t  *args,     x1
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *                                       uint32_t argsize,    w2
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *                                       Thread *self,        x3
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *                                       JValue *result,      x4
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *                                       char   *shorty);     x5
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ENTRY</span> <span class="n">art_quick_invoke_stub</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">INVOKE_STUB_CALL_AND_RETURN</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">END</span> <span class="n">art_quick_invoke_static_stub</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>中间省略了一些保存上下文以及调用后恢复寄存器的代码，其核心是调用了 <code>ArtMethod</code> 结构体偏移 <code>ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64</code> 处的指针，该值对应的代码为:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-58" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ASM_DEFINE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ART_METHOD_QUICK_CODE_OFFSET_64</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">           <span class="n">art</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">art</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">PointerSize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">k64</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Int32Value</span><span class="p">())</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>即 <code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</code> 属性所指向的地址。</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-59" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// art/runtime/art_method.h
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">constexpr</span> <span class="n">MemberOffset</span> <span class="nf">EntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodeOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PointerSize</span> <span class="n">pointer_size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">MemberOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PtrSizedFieldsOffset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pointer_size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">OFFSETOF_MEMBER</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">PtrSizedFields</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">static_cast</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">size_t</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pointer_size</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>可以认为这就是所有快速模式执行代码的入口，至于该指针指向什么地方，又是什么时候初始化的，可以参考下一节代码加载部分。实际在方法调用时，快速模式执行的方法可能在其中执行到了需要以解释模式执行的方法，同样以解释模式执行的方法也可能在其中调用到 JNI 方法或者其他以快速模式执行的方法，所以在单个函数执行的过程中运行状态并不是一成不变的，但由于每次切换调用前后都保存和恢复了当前上下文，使得不同调用之间可以保持透明，这也是模块化设计的一大优势所在。</p>
<h2 id="代码加载" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e5%8a%a0%e8%bd%bd" class="header-mark"></a>代码加载</h2><p>在上节我们知道在 ART 虚拟机中，Java 方法的调用主要通过 <code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code> 去实现，那么 ArtMethod 结构是什么时候创建的呢？为什么 jmethod/jobject 可以转换为 <code>ArtMethod</code> 指针呢？</p>
<p>在 Java 这门语言中，方法是需要依赖类而存在的，因此要分析方法的初始化需要先分析类的初始化。虽然我们前面知道如何从 OAT/VDEX/DEX 文件中构造对应的 ClassLoader 来进行类查找，但那个时候类并没有初始化，可以编写一个简单的类进行验证:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">java</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-60" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Demo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">Log</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">i</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;Demo&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#34;static block called&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="n">Log</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">i</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;Demo&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#34;IIB called&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>如果 Demo 类在代码中没有使用，那么上述两个打印都不会触发；如果使用 <code>Class.forName(&quot;Demo&quot;)</code> 进行反射引用，则 static block 中的代码会被调用。跟踪 Class.forName 调用:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">java</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-61" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nd">@CallerSensitive</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&lt;?&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">className</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">            </span><span class="kd">throws</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ClassNotFoundException</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&lt;?&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Reflection</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getCallerClass</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 笔者注: initialize = true</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">forName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">className</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>最终调用到名为 <code>classForName</code> 的 native 方法，其定义在 <em>art/runtime/native/java_lang_Class.cc</em>:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-62" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// &#34;name&#34; is in &#34;binary name&#34; format, e.g. &#34;dalvik.system.Debug$1&#34;.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">jclass</span> <span class="nf">Class_classForName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNIEnv</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jclass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jstring</span> <span class="n">javaName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">jboolean</span> <span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                 <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaLoader</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ScopedUtfChars</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">javaName</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DotToDescriptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">()));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Handle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">hs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NewHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Decode</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">javaLoader</span><span class="p">)));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">class_linker</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetClassLinker</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Handle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">hs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NewHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">FindClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">)));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">EnsureInitialized</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddLocalReference</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">jclass</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>首先将 Java 格式的类表示转换为 smali 格式，然后通过指定的 class_loader 去查找类，查找过程主要通过 <code>class_linker</code> 实现。由于 forName 函数中指定了 <code>initialize</code> 为 <code>true</code>，因此在找到对应类后还会额外执行一步 <code>EnsureInitialized</code>，在后文会进行详细介绍。</p>
<h3 id="findclass" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#findclass" class="header-mark"></a>FindClass</h3><p>FindClass 实现了根据类名查找类的过程，定义在 <em>art/runtime/class_linker.cc</em> 中，关键流程如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
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          tw-hidden 
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        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
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    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-63" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">FindClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                             <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                             <span class="n">Handle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">)</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\0&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">FindPrimitiveClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ComputeModifiedUtf8Hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 在已经加载的类中查找
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">klass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LookupClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">klass</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">EnsureResolved</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 尚未加载
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 类加载器为空，且不是数组类型，在启动类中进行查找
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">ClassPathEntry</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FindInClassPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boot_class_path_</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">DefineClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                           <span class="n">ScopedNullHandle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                           <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">result_ptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">descriptor_equals</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked</span> <span class="nf">soa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 先通过 classLoader 的父类查找
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">known_hierarchy</span> <span class="o">=</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">result_ptr</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result_ptr</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">descriptor_equals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="nf">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsExceptionPending</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 如果没找到，再通过 classLoader 查找
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">class_name_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor_length</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_name_string</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">class_name_string</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ScopedLocalRef</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">jobject</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">class_loader_object</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Env</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddLocalReference</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">jobject</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">()));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ScopedLocalRef</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">jobject</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Env</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Env</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">CallObjectMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader_object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                 <span class="n">WellKnownClasses</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">java_lang_ClassLoader_loadClass</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                 <span class="n">class_name_object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 将找到的类插入到缓存表中
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">ClassTable</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">class_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">InsertClassTableForClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">class_table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">InsertWithHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result_ptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result_ptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>首先会通过 <code>LookupClass</code> 在已经加载的类中查找，已经加载的类会保存在 ClassTable 中，以 hash 表的方式存储，该表的键就是类对应的 hash，通过 descriptor 计算得出。如果之前已经加载过，那么这时候就可以直接返回，如果没有就需要执行真正的加载了。从这里我们也可以看出，类的加载过程属于懒加载 (lazy loading)，如果一个类不曾被使用，那么是不会有任何加载开销的。</p>
<p>然后会判断指定的类加载器是否为空，为空表示要查找的类实际上是一个系统类。系统类不存在于 APP 的 DEX 文件中，而是 Android 系统的一部分。由于每个 Android (Java) 应用都会用到系统类，为了提高启动速度，实际通过 zygote 去加载，并由所有子进程一起共享。上述 <code>boot_class_path_</code> 数组在 <code>Runtime::Init</code> 中通过 ART 启动的参数进行初始化，感兴趣的可以自行研究细节。</p>
<p>我们关心的应用类查找过程可以分为两步，首先在父类的 ClassLoader 进行查找，如果没找到才会通过指定的 classLoader 进行查找，这也是很多类似 Java 文章中提到的 “双亲委派” 机制。保证关键类的查找过程优先通过系统类加载器，可以防止关键类实现被应用篡改。</p>
<p><code>FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader</code> 的实现使用伪代码描述如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-64" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">Class</span> <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">java_lang_BootClassLoader</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">FindClassInBootClassLoaderClassPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dalvik_system_PathClassLoader</span> <span class="o">||</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">class_loader</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dalvik_system_DexClassLoader</span> <span class="o">||</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">class_loader</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dalvik_system_InMemoryDexClassLoader</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// For regular path or dex class loader the search order is:
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - parent
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - shared libraries
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - class loader dex files
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetParent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInSharedLibraries</span><span class="p">(...)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInBaseDexClassLoaderClassPath</span><span class="p">(...)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInSharedLibrariesAfter</span><span class="p">(...)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dalvik_system_DelegateLastClassLoader</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// For delegate last, the search order is:
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - boot class path
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - shared libraries
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - class loader dex files
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="c1">//    - parent
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">FindClassInBootClassLoaderClassPath</span><span class="p">(...)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInBaseDexClassLoaderClassPath</span><span class="p">(...)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInSharedLibrariesAfter</span><span class="p">(...)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetParent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>根据不同的 class_loader 类型使用不同的搜索顺序，如果涉及到父 ClassLoader 的搜索，则使用递归查找，递归的停止条件是当前 class_loader 为<code>java.lang.BootClassLoader</code>。</p>
<p><code>FindClassInBootClassLoaderClassPath</code> 的关键代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-65" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">using</span> <span class="n">ClassPathEntry</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">dex</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassDef</span><span class="o">*&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">FindClassInBootClassLoaderClassPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                      <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                      <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                      <span class="cm">/*out*/</span> <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;*</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ClassPathEntry</span> <span class="n">pair</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FindInClassPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boot_class_path_</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">second</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">klass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LookupClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">klass</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EnsureResolved</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DefineClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>如果在 BaseClassLoader 中没有找到对应的类，那么最终会通过传入的 classLoader 查找，即调用指定类加载器的 loadClass 方法。在这个场景中(Class.forName)，实际指定的是 caller 的 classLoader，编写一个 APK 进行动态分析，打印出当前的 classLoader 如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">text</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-66" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><pre tabindex="0"><code>dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[
DexPathList[[
zip file &#34;/data/app/~~0FBqwacokhdG5rhF1RDZGg==/com.evilpan.test-fCJvsE74xP_SdvTlAfJDcA==/base.apk&#34;
],
nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/~~0FBqwacokhdG5rhF1RDZGg==/com.evilpan.test-fCJvsE74xP_SdvTlAfJDcA==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /system_ext/lib64]]]</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<p>所以这是一个 <code>PathClassLoader</code> 对象，该类没有定义 loadClass，因此是调用了父类的 loadClass 方法，整体调用路径如下所示:</p>
<pre class="mermaid">sequenceDiagram
%% loadClass
participant P as PathClassLoader
participant B as BaseDexClassLoader
participant C as ClassLoader
participant D as DexFile
P ->> C: loadClass
C ->> B: findClass
B ->> P: pathList.findClass
P ->> D: loadClassBinaryName
Note right of D: defineClass <br> defineClassNative
</pre><p><figure><a class="lightgallery" href="/img/2021-12-26-art-internal/0.png" title="img-load" data-thumbnail="/img/2021-12-26-art-internal/0.png" data-sub-html="<h2>loadClass</h2><p>img-load</p>"><img  loading="lazy" src='/img/2021-12-26-art-internal/0.png'   alt="img-load"  ></a><figcaption class="image-caption">loadClass</figcaption>
</figure></p>
<p>最终调用了 DexFile 的 native 方法 defineClassNative，实现在 <em>art/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc</em>，关键代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-67" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">jclass</span> <span class="nf">DexFile_defineClassNative</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JNIEnv</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                        <span class="n">jclass</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                        <span class="n">jstring</span> <span class="n">javaName</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                        <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">javaLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                        <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">cookie</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                        <span class="n">jobject</span> <span class="n">dexFile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">*&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ConvertJavaArrayToDexFiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cookie</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="cm">/*out*/</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="cm">/*out*/</span> <span class="n">oat_file</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ScopedUtfChars</span> <span class="n">class_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">javaName</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DotToDescriptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_name</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">()));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ComputeModifiedUtf8Hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">()));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="nl">dex_file</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">dex_files</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">dex</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassDef</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">dex_class_def</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OatDexFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">FindClassDef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// dex_class_def != nullptr
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">class_linker</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetClassLinker</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">Handle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          <span class="n">hs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NewHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Decode</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">javaLoader</span><span class="p">)));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DexCache</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_cache</span> <span class="o">=</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">          <span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">RegisterDexFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// dex_cache != nullptr
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">DefineClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                               <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                               <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                               <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                               <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                               <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dex_class_def</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">InsertDexFileInToClassLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">soa</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Decode</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dexFile</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                                 <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>也就是说，不论是通过 <code>FindClassInBaseDexClassLoader</code> 查找还是通过指定 classLoader 的 <code>loadClass</code> 加载，最终执行的流程都是类似的，即在对应的 DexFile(OatDexFile) 中根据类名搜索对应类的 ClassDef 字段，了解 Dex 文件结构的对这个字段应该不会陌生，后面可能会单独写一篇 DexFile 文件格式的介绍，这里限于篇幅先不展开，只需要知道这个字段包含类的定义即可。</p>
<p>在找到类在对应 Dex 文件中的 ClassDef 内容后，会通过 ClassLinker 完成该类的后续注册流程，包括:</p>
<ul>
<li>对于当前 DexFile，如果是第一次遇到，会创建一个 DexCache 缓存，保存到 ClassLinker 的 <code>dex_caches_</code> 哈希表中；</li>
<li>通过 <code>ClassLinker::DefineClass</code> 完成目标类的定义，详见后文；</li>
<li>将对应 DexFile 添加到类加载器对应的 ClassTable 中；</li>
</ul>
<p>其中 DefineClass 是我们比较关心的，因此下面单独进行介绍。</p>
<h3 id="defineclass" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#defineclass" class="header-mark"></a>DefineClass</h3><p>先看代码:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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      class="
        code-block-button
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
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          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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      <button 
        class="
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  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-68" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DefineClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                               <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                               <span class="n">size_t</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                               <span class="n">Handle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassLoader</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                               <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                               <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">dex</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassDef</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">dex_class_def</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ScopedDefiningClass</span> <span class="nf">sdc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">StackHandleScope</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">hs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">klass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">hs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NewHandle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Load the class from the dex file.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">init_done_</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// [1] finish up init of hand crafted class_roots_
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">DexCache</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">dex_cache</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RegisterDexFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">new_dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_loader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">klass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">SetDexCache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_cache</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ObjPtr</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">existing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">InsertClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">existing</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1">// 其他线程正在链接该类，阻塞等待其完成
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">sdc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Finish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EnsureResolved</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">existing</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">LoadClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">new_dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">new_class_def</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// klass-&gt;IsLoaded
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">LoadSuperAndInterfaces</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">new_dex_file</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetRuntimeCallbacks</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">ClassLoad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// klass-&gt;IsResolved
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">LinkClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">descriptor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">h_new_class</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetRuntimeCallbacks</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">ClassPrepare</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_new_class</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">jit</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Jit</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">NewTypeLoadedIfUsingJit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h_new_class</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Get</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">sdc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Finish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h_new_class</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>这里只列出一些关键代码，<code>init_done_</code> 用于表示当前 ClassLinker 的初始化状态，初始化过程用于从 Image 空间或者手动创建内部类，手动创建的内部类包括:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ljava/lang/Object;</li>
<li>Ljava/lang/Class;</li>
<li>Ljava/lang/String;</li>
<li>Ljava/lang/ref/Reference;</li>
<li>Ljava/lang/DexCache;</li>
<li>Ldalvik/system/ClassExt;</li>
</ul>
<p>它们都直接定义在了 <code>art::runtime::mirror</code> 命名空间中，比如 Object 定义为 <code>mirror::Object</code>，所属文件为 <em>art/runtime/mirror/object.h</em> ；</p>
<h3 id="loadclass" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#loadclass" class="header-mark"></a>LoadClass</h3><p><code>ClassLinker::LoadClass</code> 用于从指定 DEX 文件中加载目标类的属性和方法等内容，注意这里其实是在对应类添加到 ClassTable 之后才加载的，这是出于 ART 的内部优化考虑，另外一个原因是类的属性根只能通过 ClassTable 访问，因此需要在访问前先在 ClassTable 中占好位置。其实现如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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      aria-hidden="true">
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
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        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
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          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
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      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
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        class="
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        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
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    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-69" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">LoadClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Thread</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                            <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">DexFile</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                            <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">dex</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ClassDef</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">dex_class_def</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                            <span class="n">Handle</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">mirror</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Class</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ClassAccessor</span> <span class="nf">accessor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                         <span class="n">dex_class_def</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                         <span class="cm">/* parse_hiddenapi_class_data= */</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsBootStrapClassLoaded</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">runtime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VisitFieldsAndMethods</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">ClassAccessor</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">field</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LoadField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">sfields</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">At</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num_sfields</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">num_sfields</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">ClassAccessor</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">field</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LoadField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ifields</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">At</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num_ifields</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">num_ifields</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">ClassAccessor</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Method</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">art_method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetDirectMethodUnchecked</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">image_pointer_size_</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LoadMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">art_method</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LinkCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">art_method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">oat_class_ptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">ClassAccessor</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Method</span><span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">art_method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetVirtualMethodUnchecked</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">class_def_method_index</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">accessor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NumDirectMethods</span><span class="p">(),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">image_pointer_size_</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LoadMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dex_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">art_method</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">LinkCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">art_method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">oat_class_ptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">klass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">SetSFieldsPtr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sfields</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">klass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">SetIFieldsPtr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ifields</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>上面用到了 <code>C++11</code> 的 lambda 函数来通过迭代器访问类中的关联元素，分别是:</p>
<ol>
<li>sfields: static fields，静态属性</li>
<li>ifields: instance fields，对象属性</li>
<li>direct method: 对象方法</li>
<li>virtual method: 抽象方法</li>
</ol>
<p>对于属性的加载通过 <code>LoadField</code> 实现，主要作用是初始化 ArtField 并与目标类关联起来；<code>LoadMethod</code> 的实现亦是类似，主要是使用 dex 文件中对应方法的 CodeItem 对 ArtMethod 进行初始化，并与 klass 关联。但是对于方法而言，还好进行额外的一步，即 <code>LinkCode</code>。</p>
<h3 id="linkcode" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#linkcode" class="header-mark"></a>LinkCode</h3><p>LinkCode 顾名思义是对代码进行链接，关键代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-70" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">LinkCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClassLinker</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">class_linker</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                     <span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                     <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">OatFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">OatClass</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">oat_class</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                     <span class="kt">uint32_t</span> <span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">runtime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Runtime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Current</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">quick_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oat_class</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">         <span class="c1">// Every kind of method should at least get an invoke stub from the oat_method.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>         <span class="c1">// non-abstract methods also get their code pointers.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>         <span class="k">const</span> <span class="n">OatFile</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">OatMethod</span> <span class="n">oat_method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oat_class</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetOatMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">class_def_method_index</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">         <span class="n">quick_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oat_method</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetQuickCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">runtime</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetInstrumentation</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">InitializeMethodsCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quick_code</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Set up the dlsym lookup stub. Do not go through `UnregisterNative()`
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// as the extra processing for @CriticalNative is not needed yet.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">SetEntryPointFromJni</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsCriticalNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="n">GetJniDlsymLookupCriticalStub</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">GetJniDlsymLookupStub</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>其中 quick_code 指针指向的是 OatMethod 中的 <code>code_offset_</code> 偏移处的值，该值指向的是 OAT 优化后的本地代码位置。<code>InitializeMethodsCode</code> 是 <code>Instrumentation</code> 类的方法，实现在 <em>art/runtime/instrumentation.cc</em>，如果看过之前分析应用启动流程的文章应该对这个类不会陌生，尽管不是同一个类，但它们的功能却是类似的，即作为某些关键调用的收口，并在其中实现可插拔的追踪行为。其内部实现如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-71" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">Instrumentation</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">InitializeMethodsCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">aot_code</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Use instrumentation entrypoints if instrumentation is installed.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EntryExitStubsInstalled</span><span class="p">()))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">InterpretOnly</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GetQuickToInterpreterBridge</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GetQuickInstrumentationEntryPoint</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsForcedInterpretOnly</span><span class="p">()))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="n">GetQuickGenericJniStub</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">GetQuickToInterpreterBridge</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Use the provided AOT code if possible.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CanUseAotCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aot_code</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aot_code</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// Use default entrypoints.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="n">GetQuickGenericJniStub</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">GetQuickToInterpreterBridge</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>第一部分正是用于追踪的判断，如果当前已经安装了追踪监控，那么会根据当前方法的类别分别设置对应的入口点；否则就以常规方式设置方法的调用入口:</p>
<ul>
<li>对于强制解释执行的运行时环境:
<ul>
<li>如果是 Native 方法则将入口点设置为 <code>art_quick_generic_jni_trampoline</code>，用于跳转执行 JNI 本地代码；</li>
<li>对于 Java 方法则将入口点设置为 <code>art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge</code>，使方法调用过程会跳转到解释器继续；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>如果 AOT 编译的本地代码可用，则直接将方法入口点设置为 AOT 代码；</li>
<li>如果 AOT 代码不可用，那么就回到解释执行场景进行处理；</li>
</ul>
<p>设置 ArtMethod 入口地址的方法是 UpdateEntryPoints，其内部实现非常简单:</p>
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  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-72" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">quick_code</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">REQUIRES_SHARED</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Locks</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">mutator_lock_</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kIsDebugBuild</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">...</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// If the method is from a boot image, don&#39;t dirty it if the entrypoint
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="c1">// doesn&#39;t change.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">quick_code</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">quick_code</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>内部实质上是调用了 <code>ArtMethod::SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode</code>:</p>
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        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-73" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">REQUIRES_SHARED</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Locks</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">mutator_lock_</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodePtrSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                                              <span class="n">kRuntimePointerSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>回顾我们前面分析方法调用的章节，对于快速执行的场景，<code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code> 最终是跳转到  <code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code</code> 进行执行，而这个字段就是在这里进行设置的。</p>
<p>至此，我们完成了 ART 方法调用流程分析的最后一块拼图。</p>
<h3 id="类初始化" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e7%b1%bb%e5%88%9d%e5%a7%8b%e5%8c%96" class="header-mark"></a>类初始化</h3><p>此时我们已经完成了类的加载，包括类中的所有方法、属性的初始化。在前文 <code>classForName</code> 的实现中，完成类加载后还调用了一次 EnsureInitialized，在其中调用了 <code>ClassLinker::InitializeClass</code> 对类进行初始化，主要包括静态属性的初始化以及调用类中的 <code>&lt;clinit&gt;</code> 代码，这也是为什么本节开头 Demo 类的 static block 中代码会被调用的原因。</p>
<blockquote>
  <p>初始化流程严格按照 Java 语言标准实现，详见 <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-12.html#jls-12.4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Java Language Specification 12.4.2 &ldquo;Detailed Initialization Procedure&rdquo;</a></p>
</blockquote><h1 id="应用场景" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af" class="header-mark"></a>应用场景</h1><p>通过上面的分析，我们大致了解了 ART 虚拟机的文件、代码加载流程，以及对应 Java 方法和指令的运行过程。正所谓无利不起早，之所以花费这么多时间精力去学习 ART，是因为其在 Android 运行过程中起着举足轻重的作用，下面就列举一些常见的应用场景。</p>
<h2 id="热修复--hook" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e7%83%ad%e4%bf%ae%e5%a4%8d--hook" class="header-mark"></a>热修复 &amp; Hook</h2><p>所谓热修复，就是在不修改原有代码的基础上修改应用功能，比如替换某些类方法的实现，达到热更新的目的。犹记得在几年前，热修复的概念在 Android 生态中甚嚣尘上，随着 ART 替换 Dalvik，以及碎片化引入的一系列问题导致这种方案逐渐销声匿迹。但是热修复的使用场景并没有完全消失，比如在 Android 应用安全研究中 Hook 的概念也是热修复的一种延续。</p>
<p>那么根据前面总结的知识可以考虑一个问题，如何在运行时劫持某个 Java 方法的执行流程？最好是可以在指定方法调用前以及返回前分别触发我们自己定义的回调，从而实现调用参数和返回值的观察和修改。</p>
<p>根据前文对方法调用和代码加载的分析，Android 中的 Java 方法在 ART 中执行都会通过 <code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code> 进行调用，在其内部要么通过解释器直接解释执行(配合 JIT)；要么通过  <code>GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode</code> 获取本地代码进行执行，当然后者在某些场景下依然会回退到解释器，但入口都是固定的，即
<code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code</code> 所指向的 quick 代码。因此，要想实现 Java 方法调用的劫持，可以有几种思路:</p>
<ol>
<li>修改 <code>ArtMethod::Invoke</code> 这个 C++ 函数为我们自己的实现，在其中增加劫持逻辑；</li>
<li>修改目标 Java 方法属性，令所有调用都走 quick 分支，然后将 <code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code</code> 修改为指向我们自己的实现，从而实现劫持；</li>
<li>类似于上述方法，不过不修改指针的值，而是修改 stub code；</li>
<li>……</li>
</ol>
<p>当然，前途是光明的，道路是曲折的，这些方法看起来都很直观，但实现起来有很多工程化的难点。比如需要仔细处理调用前后的堆栈令其保持平衡，这涉及到 inline-hook 框架本身的鲁棒性；有比如在新版本中对于系统类方法的调用，ART 会直接优化成汇编跳转而绕过 ArtMethod 方法的查找过程，因此方法 1、2 无法覆盖到这些场景，……不一而足。</p>
<p>以大家常用的 frida 为例，其对 Java 方法 Hook 的实现在 <code>frida-java-bridge</code>，关键代码在 <code>lib/android.js</code> 文件中:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-74" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">class</span> <span class="nx">ArtMethodMangler</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">replace</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">impl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">isInstanceMethod</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">argTypes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">originalMethod</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">fetchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">methodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">originalMethod</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">accessFlags</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="nx">kAccXposedHookedMethod</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nx">xposedIsSupported</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="c1">// 检测 Xposed，如果已经被 Xposed hook 了会从新获取源函数 ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">replacementMethodId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">cloneArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">patchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">replacementMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">jniCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">impl</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">accessFlags</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">kAccCriticalNative</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccFastNative</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccNterpEntryPointFastPathFlag</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccNative</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">artClassLinker</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">quickGenericJniTrampoline</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">interpreterCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">artInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 修改 flags 使解释器执行到我们想要的分支
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">hookedMethodRemovedFlags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">kAccFastInterpreterToInterpreterInvoke</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccSingleImplementation</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">kAccNterpEntryPointFastPathFlag</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="nx">kAccNative</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nx">hookedMethodRemovedFlags</span> <span class="o">|=</span> <span class="nx">kAccSkipAccessChecks</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">patchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nx">accessFlags</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">originalFlags</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodRemovedFlags</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 将 Nterp 解释器的入口替换为 art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge 从而令代码跳转到 quick 入口
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">quickCode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">originalMethod</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">artNterpEntryPoint</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">artNterpEntryPoint</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">undefined</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">equals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">artNterpEntryPoint</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nx">patchArtMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">api</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">artQuickToInterpreterBridge</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 开启劫持
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">isArtQuickEntrypoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">interceptor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ArtQuickCodeInterceptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nx">interceptor</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">activate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">interceptor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">interceptor</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// 使用 hash 表记录已经替换的方法，方便后续恢复
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="nx">artController</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">replacedMethods</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">replacementMethodId</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">notifyArtMethodHooked</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hookedMethodId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>其中 Nterp 是 ART 中一个改良过的解释器，用于替代早期 Dalvik 的 mterp 解释器，这里先不展开实现的细节，只需关注实际执行劫持的地方，即 <code>interceptor.activate(vm)</code>。interceptor 在实例化时指定的 quickCode 即为对应 ArtMethod 的快速执行入口，activate 代码如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">js</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-75" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">activate</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_createTrampoline</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">trampoline</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">redirectSize</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">writeTrampoline</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">artQuickCodeReplacementTrampolineWriters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">Process</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arch</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">prologueLength</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">writeTrampoline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">trampoline</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">redirectSize</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">vm</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">overwrittenPrologueLength</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">prologueLength</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">overwrittenPrologue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">Memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">dup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">quickCodeAddress</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">prologueLength</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">writePrologue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">artQuickCodePrologueWriters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">Process</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arch</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nx">writePrologue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">quickCode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">trampoline</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">redirectSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>可以看到 frida 实际上是使用了我们上述的第 3 种 Hook 思路，即修改 stub code 为我们的劫持代码，这种方式一般称之为 <strong>dynamic callee-side rewriting</strong>，优点是即便对于 OAT 极致优化的系统类方法也同样有效。当然，我们这里只是管中规豹，实际的实现上还有很多细节值得学习，感兴趣的可以自行阅读代码。</p>
<h2 id="安全加固" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%8a%a0%e5%9b%ba" class="header-mark"></a>安全加固</h2><p>了解过 Android 逆向工程的人应该都知道，基于 Java 编译出来的 Dalvik 字节码其实很好理解，加上一些开源或者商业的反编译工具，甚至可以将字节码还原为和源代码非常接近的 Java 代码表示。这对于很多想在代码中隐藏秘密的公司而言是很不愿意看到的。</p>
<p>因此，安全工程师们就想出了一些保护代码防止静态逆向分析的方案，业内常称为 <strong>加壳</strong>，国外叫做 <strong>Packer</strong>，即在原始字节码上套上一层保护壳，并在运行时进行执行解密还原。</p>
<p>回顾我们学习的知识可以脑暴出几种安全加固方案(其实是业内已有方案):</p>
<ol>
<li>把整个 DEX 文件加密，然后在壳程序启动时还原解密文件并加载；</li>
<li>优化上述方案，不落地文件，直接在内存中解密加载；</li>
<li>提取出 DEX 文件中的字节码，并在运行时还原；</li>
<li>替换掉 DEX 文件中每个方法的字节码为解密代码，运行时解密执行；</li>
<li>……</li>
</ol>
<p>这些加固方案根据解密粒度不同也常称为整体壳、抽取壳。对于整体加密的方案不必多说，在 PC 时代也有很多类似的混淆方法；而对于抽取壳，实现就百花齐放了，比如有的加固方案是在类初始化期间进行还原，有的是在方法执行前进行还原。</p>
<p>回顾上面介绍热修复的内容，壳代码其实也可以看做是一个热修复框架，只不过是对于每个函数都进行了劫持，在目标函数运行前对实际的字节码进行还原；</p>
<p>有些类级别的加固则是基于上文中代码加载流程，在类的初始化函数(<code>&lt;clinit&gt;</code>)中执行解密操作，因为 Java 标准保证了这是一个类最先执行的代码。</p>
<p>由于抽取壳本身对字节码进行了加密，因此在应用安装期间 dex2oat 就无法优化这些代码，以至于在运行时只能通过解释执行，虽然有一部分 JIT 的加持，但还是让 ART 的大部分优化心血付诸东流；另外，加壳本身会使用到 ART 中的一些内部符号和偏移，因此需要针对不同版本进行适配，一个不小心就是用户端的持续崩溃。</p>
<p>也因为这些原因，很多头部厂商的 Android 应用其实是不加壳的，对于真正需要保护的代码，可以选择 JNI 用 C/C++ 实现，并配上 LLVM 成熟的混淆方案进行加固。</p>
<h2 id="脱壳" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e8%84%b1%e5%a3%b3" class="header-mark"></a>脱壳</h2><p>由于很多安全公司把加固做成了商业服务，因此除了正常应用，大部分恶意软件和非法应用也都用上了商业的加固方案，这对于正义的安全研究员而言是一个确实的阻碍，因此脱壳也就成了常见需求。</p>
<p>一开始我们在遇到加固的应用时候会先尝试进行手动进行分析、调试、还原，但是后来大家发现其实基于 ART 的运行模式有更通用的解决方式。</p>
<p>这里以目前相对较新的抽取壳为例，回顾上文代码方法调用和代码加载的章节，不论加固的抽取和还原方法如何，最终还是要回到解释执行的(至少在 JIT 之前)，因为加密的代码在安装时并没有被 AOT 优化。而且为了保证原始代码逻辑不变，对应加密方法在实际运行之前肯定需要被正确解密还原。</p>
<p>基于这点事实，我们可以在 ArtMethod 调用前进行断点，然后通过 <code>method-&gt;GetDexFile()</code> 获得对应 dex 文件在内存中的地址并进行转储保存。如果当前内存中的 dex 部分偏移被恶意修改，那么还可以通过 <code>method-&gt;GetCodeItem()</code> 获取对应方法解密后的字节码地址进行手动转储恢复。</p>
<p>如果要恢复完整的 dex 文件，则需要令目标程序在运行时调用所有类的所有方法，这显然不太现实；不过网上已经有了一些开源的方案基于主动调用的思路去批量伪造方法调用，触发壳的解密逻辑从而实现全量还原，比如 <a href="https://github.com/zyq8709/DexHunter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DexHunter</a> 和 <a href="https://github.com/hanbinglengyue/FART" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">FART</a>，都是通过修改 Android 源码实现的脱壳方案。</p>
<p>正如上节所说，安全加固方案五花八门，很难有一种绝对通用的方法去还原所有加固，往往还需要针对不同的壳做一些微小的适配工作。但总的来说，脱壳一方比写壳一方还是占优势的，前者只需要针对一种环境实现，不用考虑性能成本；后者则需要对 ART 有更深的理解来保证加固程序的稳定性，同时还要针对不同环境都进行覆盖，这也是攻防不对等的一个典型案例吧。</p>
<h2 id="方法跟踪" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%b7%9f%e8%b8%aa" class="header-mark"></a>方法跟踪</h2><p>对于上述 Android 应用加壳的方案，在数次攻防角斗下已经被证明了只能作为辅助防护，因此移动安全厂商又提出了一些新的加固方案，比如直接对字节码本身下手，套用 LLVM 控制流和数据流混淆的那一套方案，将字节码的执行顺序打乱，插入各种无效指令来阻碍逆向工程；又或者将字节码的实现抽批量自动取到 JNI 层，并辅以二进制级别的安全加固，这种方案通常称为 Java2C，即将 Java 代码转译成 C 代码编译来防止逆向分析。……</p>
<p>这时，传统的脱壳方法就不见得有效了，因为即便还原出字节码或者 Java 代码，其流程也是混乱的，对于 Java2C 则更不用说，只能在二进制中想办法将 JNI 调用还原。</p>
<p>不过我们可以思考一下，逆向工程的目的是什么？如果是为了分析还原程序的执行流程，对其行为进行画像和取证，那么完全可以通过动态跟踪的方式实现。上文中已经介绍了如果对某个指定方法进行热修复或者说 hook，那么这里的思路就是对应用中的所有 Java 方法都进行 hook，从而实现我们的运行时方法跟踪行为。</p>
<p>例如针对每个 Java 方法在进入和退出前都插入我们的 hook 代码，作用就是发送函数进出事件及其相关信息，如进程、线程 ID、方法名、参数等，接收端处理数据后实现一个树状的调用流图。</p>
<p>一个简单的调用流图示例如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">text</p>
      </button>

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      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
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          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
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        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
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          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-76" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><pre tabindex="0"><code>com.evilpan.Foo.onCreate
├── com.evilpan.Foo.getContacts
│   ├── Context.getContentResolver
│   ├── ContentResolver.query
│   ├── Cursor.getColumnIndex
│   ├── Cursor.getString
│   ├── ...
│   └── Cursor.close
└── com.evilpan.Foo.upload
    ├── URL.&lt;init&gt;
    ├── URL.openConnection
    ├── HttpURLConnection.getOutputStream
    ├── BufferWriter.write
    └── ...</code></pre></code></pre>
</div>
<p>前端通过处理和过滤这些数据，可以在很大程度上还原程序行为。那么要如何实现所有 Java 方法的追踪呢？<code>entry_point_from_quick_compiled_code_</code> 是一个重点关注的点，但如果我们想要像 frida 一样劫持，就需要对每个方法做许多额外的工作，比如修改函数的 access_flag，修改解释器执行流程等。因此关键点还是在于如何同时处理解释执行和快速执行的代码，并将潜在的 JIT 运行时优化考虑进去，自己造一个轮子无可厚非，但其实 ART 中已经提供了这么一个“后门”，那就是在上文 <code>LinkCode</code> 代码中的那句:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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      class="
        code-block-button
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        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">cpp</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
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          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-77" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">runtime</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">GetInstrumentation</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">InitializeMethodsCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">quick_code</span><span class="p">);</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>在 <code>Instrumentation::InitializeMethodsCode</code> 的实现中，会先判断当前是否已经注册了追踪的 stub，如果有的话会直接替换对应方法的入口点:</p>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-78" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// art/runtime/instrumentation.cc
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">Instrumentation</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">InitializeMethodsCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArtMethod</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">aot_code</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">REQUIRES_SHARED</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Locks</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">mutator_lock_</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// Use instrumentation entrypoints if instrumentation is installed.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UNLIKELY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EntryExitStubsInstalled</span><span class="p">()))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">IsNative</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">InterpretOnly</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GetQuickToInterpreterBridge</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="n">UpdateEntryPoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GetQuickInstrumentationEntryPoint</span><span class="p">());</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>对于已经初始化过的 ArtMethod，还可以用 <code>Instrumentation::InstallStubsForMethod</code> 去为指定方法安装跟踪代码。关于 Instrumentation 网上还没有太多公开资料，需要通过源码去进一步研究。</p>
<p>当然还是那句老话，想法是简单的，实现是复杂的，这其中目前可预计到的问题就有:</p>
<ol>
<li>运行时开销；</li>
<li>开启和停止方式，可以通过中断去控制；</li>
<li>发送事件的方式，使用单独的线程进行队列发送，多进程通信方式；</li>
<li>动态跟踪的过滤，比如进入到系统方法中就不再进行跟踪；</li>
<li>循环调用的识别，接收端只能看到一系列循环事件；</li>
<li>……</li>
</ol>
<p>因此再展开就说来话长了，目前也只是在探索阶段，后续有机会再单独分享这部分内容吧。</p>
<h1 id="总结" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93" class="header-mark"></a>总结</h1><p>本文主要目的是分析 Android 12 中 ART 的实现，包括 Java 方法初始化和执行的过程。基于对 ART 的深入理解，我们也列举了几种实践中经常遇到的场景，比如热修复、动态注入、安全加固、脱壳等。也许在工作中信奉拿来主义，只需要工具能用就行，但了解工具背后的原理，才能更好适应当前不断激化的攻防对抗环境，从而更好地迎接未来的挑战。</p>
<h1 id="参考资料" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%8f%82%e8%80%83%e8%b5%84%e6%96%99" class="header-mark"></a>参考资料</h1><ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/Luoshengyang/article/details/8852432" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">罗升阳: Dalvik 系列</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/Luoshengyang/article/details/39256813" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">罗升阳: ART 系列</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2014/Yu-VB2014.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Android Packer - facing the challenges, building solutions(slides)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://res-www.zte.com.cn/mediares/magazine/publication/com_en/article/201803/RONGYu.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DexDefender: A DEX Protection Scheme to Withstand MemoryDump Attack Based on Android Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="http://publications.cispa.saarland/143/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ArtHook: Callee-side Method Hook Injection on the New Android Runtime ART</a></li>
<li><a href="https://weishu.me/2017/11/23/dexposed-on-art/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">我为 Dexposed +1s: 论ART上运行时 Method AOP 实现</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tiann/epic" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">epic - Dynamic java method AOP hook for Android</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/frida/frida-java-bridge" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">frida-java-bridge</a></li>
</ul>]]></description>
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