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    <channel>
        <title>IDA - 标签 - 有价值炮灰</title>
        <link>https://evilpan.com/tags/ida/</link>
        <description>IDA - 标签 - 有价值炮灰</description>
        <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>zh-CN</language><managingEditor>i@pppan.net (evilpan)</managingEditor>
            <webMaster>i@pppan.net (evilpan)</webMaster><copyright>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</copyright><lastBuildDate>Fri, 04 Nov 2022 12:40:00 &#43;0800</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://evilpan.com/tags/ida/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /><item>
    <title>IDA 中的大规模路径搜索方法</title>
    <link>https://evilpan.com/2022/11/04/path-finder/</link>
    <pubDate>Fri, 04 Nov 2022 12:40:00 &#43;0800</pubDate><author>
        <name>evilpan</name>
    </author><guid>https://evilpan.com/2022/11/04/path-finder/</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>本文主要解决的是这么一个问题: 在 IDA 中如何查找两个函数之间的调用路径？</p>
<p>问题似乎很简单，IDA 工具本身就提供了查看调用链路的功能，懂得 IDAPython 的也可以很容易写出下面的程序：</p>
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      </button>

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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-1" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
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      tw-transition-[max-height] 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">find_path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">path</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">xref</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">idautils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CodeRefsTo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">caller</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ida_funcs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xref</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">find_path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">caller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_ea</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">)</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>不过，这样就行了吗？</p>
<h1 id="缺陷" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e7%bc%ba%e9%99%b7" class="header-mark"></a>缺陷</h1><p>上述代码在大部分情况下基本都能实现目标，但其中存在几个缺陷。</p>
<p>首先，其中没有考虑函数本身循环/递归调用的情况，在遇到调用环时会进入死循环。这个问题好解决，只需要在全局定义一个 <code>set</code>，然后将每次遇到的节点（函数）存放进去，并且每次遇到新节点时都会先判断一下当前节点是否已经在 <code>set</code> 之中，如果在则表示当前路径存在环，可以考虑提前退出。</p>
<p>这个问题解决了，还有另外一个问题。上述代码本质上是通过递归调用 IDA 的交叉引用接口去查找上一级路径的，这在代码不多的时候问题不大，可一旦遇到过长的调用链路，就可能出现递归调用过深导致栈耗尽而出现异常。</p>
<p>更为雪上加霜的是，使用递归会使得我们实际的搜索算法是深度优先的，因此即便有很短的调用链路，可能也会因为节点遍历顺序靠后而无法搜索到。</p>
<h1 id="双栈算法" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%8f%8c%e6%a0%88%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95" class="header-mark"></a>双栈算法</h1><p>为了解决递归搜索引起的栈溢出问题，就需要将搜索方法切换为非递归的算法。读者可能已经意识到了，寻找调用路径的问题，其实可以抽象为图论中的寻路问题。更准确地说，是有向图中的寻路问题。</p>
<p>如果是查找最短路径，我们可以用 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dijkstra</a> 算法或者 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A-星</a> 算法。不过笔者最初的目标是查找所有路径，因此用到了另一个算法，称为双栈算法。其大致流程如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>建立两个栈，起始节点放到主栈，起始节点的相邻结点（以列表形式）放到辅栈。使得主栈和辅栈的高度相等；</li>
<li>从辅栈栈顶的列表中取出一个元素（节点），并压到主栈中。此时主栈比辅栈多一层，因此辅栈需要放入主栈栈顶的相邻节点。</li>
<li>此时如果辅栈栈顶中的节点有已经在主栈中的，需要将其拿掉；</li>
<li>goto 2，直到辅栈栈顶为空列表，将主栈和辅栈的空列表同时移除，这个过程称为削栈；</li>
<li>goto 2，继续重复建栈和削栈过程，直到主栈的栈顶节点是目标节点，此时表示找到了一条路径，即主栈中栈底到栈顶的所有元素。</li>
<li>继续重复上述过程，直到主栈为空，即找到了所有的路径。</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
  <p>关于该算法的具体实现原理可以参考<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/abcbocheng/article/details/101102181" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">这篇文章</a>。</p>
</blockquote><p>该算法的优势是通过循环和双栈结构替换递归实现查找，不用担心后者空间耗尽的问题。同时在第 3 步的时候由于在辅栈中去掉了与主栈栈顶重复的结点，也巧妙地避免带环的路径。</p>
<h1 id="实现" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0" class="header-mark"></a>实现</h1><p>Talk is cheap？下面是笔者实现的完整代码：</p>
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">py</p>
      </button>

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        title="Copy code">
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-2" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">ida_funcs</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">idautils</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Finder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="c1"># main stack</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="c1"># neighbor stack</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">visited</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_neighbors</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">neighbors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">xref</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">idautils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CodeRefsTo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">caller</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ida_funcs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xref</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_ea</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">neighbors</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">build_dual</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">neighbors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_neighbors</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1"># assert(len(self.s1) == len(self.s2))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cut_dual</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sink</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&#34;start searching path </span><span class="si">{:#x}</span><span class="s2"> -&gt; </span><span class="si">{:#x}</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sink</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="c1"># build dual stack</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">build_dual</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sink</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">neighbors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">new_node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">neighbors</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># remains</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">build_dual</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_node</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="c1"># empty neighbors</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># dummy</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cut_dual</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">continue</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="c1"># found a path</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">reversed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cut_dual</span><span class="p">()</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>使用时只需要指定起始函数地址和末尾（目标）函数地址即可。例如，打印二者中的所有路径：</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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        tw-flex
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        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">py</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
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        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

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        class="
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    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-3" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Finder</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">)</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<h1 id="案例分析" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90" class="header-mark"></a>案例分析</h1><p>下面看几个路径搜索的具体案例。二进制文件应该是来自个 CTF 比赛题目，但是具体题目链接不记得了。</p>
<h2 id="faster1" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#faster1" class="header-mark"></a>faster1</h2><p>IDA 打开，main 函数打开长这样：</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-4" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">sub_42AE87</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="nf">read_int</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_403272</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_422274</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_433C45</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_417D30</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_41191B</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_4206A2</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_42CCEB</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_419C84</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_41B326</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_431443</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_42AE87</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p><code>read_int</code> 是用户输入一个数字，其中每个 case 中的函数都长得差不多，如下：</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-5" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">sub_403272</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">v0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// eax
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">v0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">v0</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">343</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="nf">read_int</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_43189C</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_411F32</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ....
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_422DC7</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_42AE87</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>每个函数开头会判断 counter 是否匹配，匹配才进入下一个。最后一个函数称为 <code>win</code>，其中存在一个栈溢出可以出发漏洞，漏洞利用部分不是重点，这里先忽略。该函数调用者为：</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-6" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">sub_40CACF</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">v0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// eax
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">v0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">v0</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">999</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="nf">read_int</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">win</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_42AE87</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>所以题目的逻辑很简单，只需要从 main 函数调用到上述函数时候计数正好是 999 即可，由于每层加一，也就是需要调用层数正好为 1000，让我们反推出输入的数字组合。</p>
<p>这道题我最初是通过编写 IDAPython 脚本不断反向寻址找出的路径解出的，因为有限制条件，因此不会出现路径爆炸的问题。使用 <code>Finder</code> 也可以寻找出路径，只需要增加前级的约束，即过滤相邻节点即可。</p>
<h2 id="faster2" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#faster2" class="header-mark"></a>faster2</h2><p>这题是在上一题的基础上做了一点修改，主要改动是每个函数开头不再检测 counter 的值，而只是单纯加一，每个函数基本都长这样：</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-7" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">sub_40FD44</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="nf">read_int</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_41F786</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_40BF4E</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="c1">//...9
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">sub_4098AE</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>但是，最后在 <code>win</code> 函数中检查了 counter 的值：</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-8" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">ssize_t</span> <span class="nf">win</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">207</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// [rsp+0h] [rbp-D0h] BYREF
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">v2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// [rsp+CFh] [rbp-1h]
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">v2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">v2</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;WOW,U R GREAT !</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x10uLL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x200uLL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>也就是说，要求从起始到末尾的调用层数同样是 <code>1000</code>，由于每个函数少了 <code>counter</code> 的判断和约束，因此回溯时就无法判断和过滤无效分支，只能通过暴力去搜索。前文中使用的递归搜索方法在遇到这种量级的层数调用时候毫无疑问会耗尽栈空间而失败。</p>
<p>值得一提的是，在使用 <code>Finder</code> 进行搜索时，因为时间关系无法直接找到层数正好的调用链路，但可以找到许多有效路径。由于在程序中存在大量的环形调用，因此我们可以随便找到一个大小合适的环，只需要其长度倍数与有效路径之和满足条件即可形成一条长度为 1000 的调用链路。具体解题细节就不在此赘述了。</p>
<h1 id="小结" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%b0%8f%e7%bb%93" class="header-mark"></a>小结</h1><p>本文主要是记录和分享了一种在 IDA 中通过非递归去实现的路径搜索算法，其算法核心是将递归的搜索替换为栈+循环的方式，可以应用在大规模的程序中避免递归内存耗尽。另外通过修改 <code>get_neighbors</code> 方法也可以方便地拓展到 Ghidra 或者 BinaryNinja 中。</p>
<p>其实这也不算什么很新颖的东西，不过能将算法应用到自己写的脚本中感觉还是很奇妙的。</p>
<hr>
<blockquote>
  <p><strong>版权声明</strong>: 自由转载-非商用-非衍生-保持署名 (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CC 4.0 BY-SA</a>)<br>
<strong>原文地址</strong>: <a href="https://evilpan.com/2022/11/04/path-finder/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://evilpan.com/2022/11/04/path-finder/</a><br>
<strong>微信订阅</strong>: <strong>『<a href="http://t.evilpan.com/qrcode.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">有价值炮灰</a>』</strong><br>
&ndash; <em>TO BE CONTINUED</em>.</p>
</blockquote><hr>]]></description>
</item><item>
    <title>安卓逆向之自动化JNI静态分析</title>
    <link>https://evilpan.com/2020/10/07/jni-helper/</link>
    <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2020 12:40:00 &#43;0800</pubDate><author>
        <name>evilpan</name>
    </author><guid>https://evilpan.com/2020/10/07/jni-helper/</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>国庆几天在家写了个用于辅助 JNI 接口逆向分析的工具，同时支持 Ghidra、IDA 以及 Radare2。本文即是对这个工具的简单介绍，以及一些编写插件的体验记录。</p>
<h1 id="前言" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%89%8d%e8%a8%80" class="header-mark"></a>前言</h1><p>平时进行安卓逆向时，一个常见的场景就是目标把关键逻辑放到 Native 代码中，使用 JNI 接口进行实现。进行分析一般是把对应的动态库<code>so</code>拖进逆向工具中，然后定位具体的 Native 实现，再对参数类型、JNI 调用等逻辑进行一些优化方便对反汇编/反编译代码的理解。比如对于大家常用的 IDA-Pro 就是 <code>Parse C Header</code> 加载 <code>jni_all.h</code>，然后修改 JNI 接口的函数原型和变量结构。</p>
<p>这对于少量代码来说不是大问题，但显然是一种重复性的劳动，因此我们可以对这个过程进行一定的自动化。目前已经有了一些优秀的项目，比如 aryx 的 <a href="https://github.com/Ayrx/JNIAnalyzer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JNIAnalyzer</a>，这是一个 Ghidra 插件，支持从 apk 中提取 JNI 接口并批量修改动态库的函数原型。但是这些项目都存在一些问题，而且缺乏拓展性，所以为了方便自己使用就构建了 <a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JNI Helper</a> 项目，支持各类日常使用的逆向工具。</p>
<h1 id="jni-helper" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#jni-helper" class="header-mark"></a>JNI Helper</h1><p>该项目的详细介绍可以参考 <a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Github</a>，其主要特性有下面这些:</p>
<ul>
<li>基于 <a href="https://github.com/skylot/jadx" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jadx</a> api 提供一个独立的 Java 可执行程序 <code>JadxFindJNI.jar</code>，用来分析 apk 并提取其中的 JNI 接口信息，并产出一个 JSON 文件；</li>
<li>同时支持 C 和 C++ 类型的 JNI 接口实现；</li>
<li>支持重载的 JNI 函数；</li>
<li>分别实现了 Ghidra、IDA 和 Radare2 的插件用来加载 <code>JadxFindJNI.jar</code> 生成的 JSON 文件；</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="jadxfindjnijar" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#jadxfindjnijar" class="header-mark"></a>JadxFindJNI.jar</h2><p>得益于 Jadx 项目整洁的函数接口，我们可以很方便在其基础上实现自己的功能，如下所示:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">java</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-1" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">JadxArgs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jadxArgs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JadxArgs</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="n">jadxArgs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setDebugInfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="n">jadxArgs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">setSkipResources</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="n">jadxArgs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getInputFiles</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">File</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="n">JadxDecompiler</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">jadx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">JadxDecompiler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jadxArgs</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="n">jadx</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">();</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>我们需要实现的主要功能就是调用 Jadx 分析目标 apk，然后迭代每个类和其中的 <strong>native</strong> 方法。只是有一些需要注意的点，比如对于重载的 JNI 函数。根据 <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/jni/spec/design.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Oracle 的文档</a>，JNI native 函数的命名由以下方式组成:</p>
<ul>
<li>以<code>Java_</code>为前缀；</li>
<li>格式化的类名完整路径；</li>
<li>下划线分隔符<code>_</code>；</li>
<li>格式化的函数名称；</li>
<li>对于重载函数，需要加双下划线<code>__</code>并跟着参数签名；</li>
<li>对于特殊的字符需要进行转义，比如<code>_</code>、<code>;</code>和<code>]</code>需要分别转义成<code>_1</code>、<code>_2 </code>和<code>_3</code>等；</li>
</ul>
<p>对于使用者而言，无需关心内部细节:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">sh</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-2" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl">$ java -jar JadxFindJNI/JadxFindJNI.jar
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Usage: JadxFindJNI.jar &lt;file.apk&gt; &lt;output.json&gt;</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>我在仓库中上传了一个编译好的 <a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper/blob/master/demo/app-debug.apk" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">demo/app-debug.apk</a>，所生成的 JNI 签名信息如下:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">json</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
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</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nt">&#34;Java_com_evilpan_demojni_MainActivity_testOverload__I&#34;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nt">&#34;Java_com_evilpan_demojni_MainActivity_testStatic&#34;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nt">&#34;argumentSignature&#34;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&#34;I&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span>
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</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="s2">&#34;jint&#34;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">],</span>
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</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nt">&#34;isStatic&#34;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
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</div>
<p>该 JSON 函数签名文件以 JNI 函数的 native 名称为键，可以方便地在各种语言中反序列化为哈希表，从而方便函数的查找。</p>
<p><code>JadxFindJNI.jar</code>可以自己编译，也可以使用<a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper/releases/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">打包好的版本</a>。</p>
<h2 id="实现效果" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e6%95%88%e6%9e%9c" class="header-mark"></a>实现效果</h2><p>只要有了函数签名信息，就很方便在各种逆向工具中进行自动化处理了，这里选取的是我比较常用的几个逆向工具，Ghidra、IDA 和 Radare2。这几个工具的插件都是使用 Python 编写的，感兴趣可以直接查看源码，优化前后的反编译代码如下图所示。</p>
<p>Ghidra 优化前:</p>
<p><img class="tw-inline" loading="lazy" src='/img/2020-10-07-jni-helper/0.png'   alt="Ghidra 优化前"  ></p>
<p>Ghidra 优化后:</p>
<p><img class="tw-inline" loading="lazy" src='/img/2020-10-07-jni-helper/1.png'   alt="Ghidra 优化后"  ></p>
<p>IDA-Pro 优化前:</p>
<p><img class="tw-inline" loading="lazy" src='/img/2020-10-07-jni-helper/2.png'   alt="IDA-Pro 优化前"  ></p>
<p>IDA-Pro 优化后:</p>
<p><img class="tw-inline" loading="lazy" src='/img/2020-10-07-jni-helper/3.png'   alt="IDA-Pro 优化后"  ></p>
<p>详见 <a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper</a> 。</p>
<h1 id="插件编写体验" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99%e4%bd%93%e9%aa%8c" class="header-mark"></a>插件编写体验</h1><p>在实现 <a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JNI Helper</a> 的过程中，摸索了一遍不同逆向工具的拓展功能，所以这里谈谈编写过程中的一些感受，正好也可以作为一次横向对比。</p>
<h2 id="ghidra" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#ghidra" class="header-mark"></a>Ghidra</h2><p>Ghidra 作为 NSA 出品的工具，拥有丰富的内部资料，开发文档非常整洁规范。虽然说是机缘巧合之下泄露出来才开源的版本，但其质量可以和许多商业工具相媲美，甚至在很多方面还稍胜一筹。使用下来发现 Ghidra 有很多在线文档和资料，可以很方便地实现指定功能，这个跟后面的两个工具可以说形成鲜明对比。</p>
<p>由于 Ghidra 是使用 Java 进行开发的，因此一个明显的问题是运行分析速度相对较慢。这个问题我的一个解决办法是通过 <code>headlessAnalyzer</code> 在性能较好的云服务器后台对目标先进行分析，导出 <code>.gzf</code> 项目文件再在本地导入。本地的 Ghidra 插件通常使用 Java 进行开发，但可以通过 JPython 使用 Python 脚本编写。</p>
<p>得益于开源软件的特性，开源社区中对于 Ghidra 插件和资料的贡献一直呈爆发式增长。当然这也是因为软件本身投入了很多国家经费被打磨过很长时间，另外一个开源逆向工具 Radare2 就相形见绌了，后面会说到。</p>
<p>一些比较有用的 Ghidra 相关参考资料如下:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ghidra.re/ghidra_docs/api/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://ghidra.re/ghidra_docs/api/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ghidra.re/online-courses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://ghidra.re/online-courses/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cetfor/GhidraSnippets" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/cetfor/GhidraSnippets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/AllsafeCyberSecurity/awesome-ghidra" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/AllsafeCyberSecurity/awesome-ghidra</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="ida-pro" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#ida-pro" class="header-mark"></a>IDA Pro</h2><p>老牌逆向工具，在 Ghidra 出来之前已经制霸了十几年，因此也拥有丰富的插件生态。从使用者的角度来说，IDA 无疑是一个优秀的选择，其反编译器可以给出非常接近源码的高层伪代码，极大减少了逆向工程师的工作量。缺点也就一个: 太贵。每年几千美刀的授权费用对于个人逆向爱好者而言并不是一个小数目，而且还分别针对不同的指令集架构进行收费。之前还满心期待家庭版的 <a href="https://www.hex-rays.com/products/idahome/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IDA Home</a>，365美元一年，但是没有 decompiler、没有 SDK、还不能商业使用，于是我又默默关闭页面并掏出了 <a href="https://rehex.ninja/posts/comparision-of-re-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Binary Ninja</a>。</p>
<p>因此要有一个舒适的逆向体验，还是需要一个 <code>IDA Pro</code>。从插件开发者的角度来说，IDA Pro 本身确实提供了接口文档，而且由于年代久远也积累了许多插件生态，但是实际使用下来还是有些卡壳。举例来说，在写插件的过程中遇到一个需求，比如判断<code>jni_all.h</code>这个头文件是否已经加载过，即某个结构体是否已经定义，在文档中说是使用下面的 idapython 接口:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-4" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">idaapi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_struc_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;JNIInvokeInterface_&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">idaapi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BADADDR</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>可是实际上这样即便 JNI 接口已经定义，返回也是 BADADDR 。最终实现还是通过一种比较取巧的方法，即根据下面的语句是否抛出异常来判断:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
    tw-w-full tw-bg-bgColor-secondary
    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
        tw-mx-2 
        tw-flex
        tw-flex-row
        tw-flex-1"
      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">python</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.show-line-numbers]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle line numbers"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M61.77 401l17.5-20.15a19.92 19.92 0 0 0 5.07-14.19v-3.31C84.34 356 80.5 352 73 352H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h22.83a157.41 157.41 0 0 0-11 12.31l-5.61 7c-4 5.07-5.25 10.13-2.8 14.88l1.05 1.93c3 5.76 6.29 7.88 12.25 7.88h4.73c10.33 0 15.94 2.44 15.94 9.09 0 4.72-4.2 8.22-14.36 8.22a41.54 41.54 0 0 1-15.47-3.12c-6.49-3.88-11.74-3.5-15.6 3.12l-5.59 9.31c-3.72 6.13-3.19 11.72 2.63 15.94 7.71 4.69 20.38 9.44 37 9.44 34.16 0 48.5-22.75 48.5-44.12-.03-14.38-9.12-29.76-28.73-34.88zM496 224H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-160H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V80a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0 320H176a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h320a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zM16 160h64a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H64V40a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H32a8 8 0 0 0-7.14 4.42l-8 16A8 8 0 0 0 24 64h8v64H16a8 8 0 0 0-8 8v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8zm-3.91 160H80a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 0-8-8H41.32c3.29-10.29 48.34-18.68 48.34-56.44 0-29.06-25-39.56-44.47-39.56-21.36 0-33.8 10-40.46 18.75-4.37 5.59-3 10.84 2.8 15.37l8.58 6.88c5.61 4.56 11 2.47 16.12-2.44a13.44 13.44 0 0 1 9.46-3.84c3.33 0 9.28 1.56 9.28 8.75C51 248.19 0 257.31 0 304.59v4C0 316 5.08 320 12.09 320z"/></svg></button>

      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block 
          group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        title="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/></svg></button>
      
      <button 
        class="
          copy-code-button
          tw-select-none
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-hidden
          group-[.is-open]:tw-block
          hover:tw-text-fgColor-link 
          print:!tw-hidden"
        title="Copy code">
          <span class="copy-icon tw-block"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M433.941 65.941l-51.882-51.882A48 48 0 0 0 348.118 0H176c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h80c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V99.882a48 48 0 0 0-14.059-33.941zM266 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h74v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h96v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm128-96H182a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h106v88c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h88v202a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm6-256h-64V48h9.632c1.591 0 3.117.632 4.243 1.757l48.368 48.368a6 6 0 0 1 1.757 4.243V112z"/></svg></span>
          <span class="check-icon tw-hidden"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"/></svg></span>
      </button>
        
      <button 
        class="
          tw-select-none 
          tw-mx-2 
          tw-block 
          group-[.is-open]:tw-hidden 
          print:!tw-hidden" 
        disabled
        aria-hidden="true"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M328 256c0 39.8-32.2 72-72 72s-72-32.2-72-72 32.2-72 72-72 72 32.2 72 72zm104-72c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72zm-352 0c-39.8 0-72 32.2-72 72s32.2 72 72 72 72-32.2 72-72-32.2-72-72-72z"/></svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-5" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">idc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_decl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;JNIInvokeInterface_ *if&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">idc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PT_SILENT</span><span class="p">)</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>类似的问题还有不少，而且很多技巧需要通过阅读其他人的插件代码去了解，对于不熟悉的开发者来说体验并不是太好。下面是一些 IDA 开发相关的资料:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/tutorials/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/tutorials/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/sdkdoc/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/sdkdoc/index.html</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gist.github.com/icecr4ck/7a7af3277787c794c66965517199fc9c" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://gist.github.com/icecr4ck/7a7af3277787c794c66965517199fc9c</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="radare2" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#radare2" class="header-mark"></a>Radare2</h2><p>作为一个骨灰级命令行爱好者，接触 Radare2(r2) 也是顺应自然的选择。最初使用 Radare2 的一个原因是因为其开源，可以在各个平台中使用；另外一个原因是支持 VI 快捷键，省去了我很大的学习成本。虽然一开始以命令行逆向工具为卖点，但也可以配合 <a href="https://cutter.re/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cutter</a> 使用。</p>
<p>虽然每次我都狂热推荐使用 r2，但实际上他也有明显的局限性，其中一个是 decompiler 的缺乏。这可以使用一些三方的 decompiler 实现，比如:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ghidra Decompiler</li>
<li>RetDec Decompiler</li>
<li>r2dec</li>
</ul>
<p>作为插件开发者，使用的主要是 r2pipe 接口，这个接口实际上是 r2 的命令行参数的管道，所以写插件本质上还是需要通过 r2 的命令实现。说到 r2 的命令，内置的帮助信息可以方便日常使用的查询，用户只需要记得大致的命令类目，比如分析类命令是<code>a</code>开头，可以使用<code>a?</code>查看所有分析相关的命令，进而可以使用<code>af?</code>查看所有和函数分析相关的命令。</p>
<p>虽然和 Ghidra 一样是开源工具，但由于 r2 主要是爱好者去维护，因此投入上的差距也导致了开发进度的差距。在 Github 中可以看到开发者们经常在努力修 bug 以及更新优化代码，但关闭 issue 的速度远跟不上新开 issue 的速度。举一个遇到的例子，我想要修改某个地址对应函数的签名为对应 JNI 函数签名，搜索后发现有几种方法: 一是使用 <code>afvr/avfn/afvt</code> 修改变量；二是使用 <code>tl</code> (type link)去连接类型；三是使用 <code>afs</code> 去直接修改签名信息。可测试下来这几种方式都有问题。其中 <code>afs</code> 是最接近我需求的命令了，但是却不支持自定义的类型，而解决这个问题还需要等 r2 项目组将内置 parser 从 <code>Tcc</code> 迁移到 <code>tree-sitter</code> (见 <a href="https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/issues/17432" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">issue#17432</a>)。诸如此类的问题也是比较打击插件开发者积极性的，毕竟谁也不想为了一个简单的功能找半天文档发现无法实现。</p>
<p>尽管如此，我还是非常看好 Radare2 的未来，他年岁尚浅，但有很大的拓展性，值得持续保持关注。同时也应该给开发者更多的耐心和支持，如果可以的话，为其添砖加瓦。下面是一些 r2 相关的资料:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/blob/master/doc/intro.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/blob/master/doc/intro.md</a></li>
<li><a href="https://radare.gitbooks.io/radare2book/content/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://radare.gitbooks.io/radare2book/content/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://book.rada.re/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://book.rada.re/</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="后记" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%90%8e%e8%ae%b0" class="header-mark"></a>后记</h1><p>本文主要是分享 <a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JNI Helper</a> 这个辅助自动化静态逆向分析 JNI 接口的工具，可以在日常安卓逆向时候减少一些重复的劳动。俗话说工欲善其事，必先利其器，在日常中打磨自己的武器库值得投入必要时间，但也要避免陷入盲目造轮子的冲动。另一方面，也记录一下在编写各个逆向工具插件过程中的一些感受。总的来说 Ghidra 的插件编写体验最好，文档丰富且完善，不愧为 NSA 的产品；其次是 IDAPython，虽然有部分文档，但很多都只是一句话带过，想查找某些特定功能需要花费额外时间；而对于 Radare2，虽然是使用管道来进行批处理，但基本的交互都可以支持，只是部分功能实现尚不完善，需要给开发者更多的支持和耐心，毕竟大家都是花费着自己的业余时间和精力去维护和贡献。希望能有更多人投入到 Radare2 的社区中，哪怕只是贡献一点文档，写一写 writeup，对开源社区的帮助也是很大的。</p>
<h1 id="参考链接" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%8f%82%e8%80%83%e9%93%be%e6%8e%a5" class="header-mark"></a>参考链接</h1><ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/jni/spec/design.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JNI 文档</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/skylot/jadx" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">skylot/jadx</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Ayrx/JNIAnalyzer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ayrx/JNIAnalyzer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/evilpan/jni_helper</a></li>
<li><a href="https://evilpan.com/2020/10/07/jni-helper/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://evilpan.com/2020/10/07/jni-helper/</a></li>
</ul>]]></description>
</item></channel>
</rss>
